
Gass r PjJ ful, 



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y>¥ IHK 

American ^^cDofutton 

nD WITH 

^\ EX PLAN AI'OK Y NOTES 

AND 

SCHOOL HISTORY REFERENCES 

BV 

Henry B. Carrington, m. a., ll. d. 



COLONEL I'NITFD STATFS ARMY 



Author of " ButtUs of thi American Kevoliitioyt' 



NEW YORK 
A . S . BARNES & C O M I'A N Y 

III & 113 Wn.LL'^M Street 

CHICAGO, ILL.: 36 >V 38 Madison Street 



COIVKK-.HTEP 1881, 

Hknrv B. Cakrington. 






^ 






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^0 (Trarlirro anb ^ciioUvd 



INI ROUtJtrnRY 

^^'1 1 F', }^ro7i'tli of the Uiiitril Statis !s so rapiii, and all nations are 
^Jy so intimately associated by niodirn activities, that no orttuiary 
School History can combine the sterling facts of the world' s progress, 
and at the same time il<arly defuu the military ..■ents of the Ameri- 
can loar for national independence. 

To condense that military record and apply it directly to maps. 
as ohjeet lessons, will diminish the liijfieulty. niid equally correct an 
impression that the zoar itself had small military value, except as o 
means to neio political conditions. 

The classical student is early taught by the campaigns of Cicsar 
find Hannibal, that the celebrated maxims of Napoleon are <"ily >'- 
statements of prnuipLs lohich those great soldiers embodied in their 
pliilosopliy of war, and that, '.oliile new appliances of f one are the 
product of spirited invention, the scion, e of loar itself remains sub- 
stantially unchanged. 

In like manner the American yout/i ivill more highly value his 
birth-right as an American, if he can see, that great armies and great 
reputations, which attach to lateiuars, only enforce the statement, that 
the 'war of the Revolution was one of extraordinary issues, ^nd that 
maturing history only adds to the reputation of Washington iis a 
soldier. 

It is not practicable to use elaborate histories as text books jn //,,. 
curriculum of study at Normal Colleges, Academies, High Schools 
or Military Schools, and the cost of school books, botfi standard and 
elementary, is already <> severe tax upon teachers as well as pupils. 

An .Itlas of maps and charts, laith military notes, ami a refer- 
ence to paragraph or page where each leading event is mentioned in 
school histories, nozc in use. 'will alike facilitate instruction and study. 

Some of these histories have been compiled witJi special regard 
to their use by distinct localities or Churches. ^ ''' ■ itlas will sup- 
plement the brief narrative in each, ^ud to that extent become 
auxiliary to the labors of the scholars -who have devoted themselves 
to the elucidation of American History, Jor t/ic bene jit of youth. 



#lnncmnt« |lla.\im$ 



^HILK military science embodies many technical details, its i)hi- 
lu^opliy is that of sound mental judgment as to the right con- 
duct and support of armies in the field ; and good common 
sense is its sim])lest expression. 

The sihool pui)ii is only annoyed by the intrusion uf the formal 
matter of a strictly military discussion, but will lie aided in the study 
of military history by a plain statement of accepted sub-divisions of 

mililarv science as an art. The merits and defects ot ( ommanders can 
be better understood through some standard by which ti; weigh iheir 
acts. Thus, a soldier, successful, on condition th.it resourc es and sup- 
plies are adequately within his reach, might prove a failure if he had 
to assemble, organize and transport all elements of true success ; and a 
good Engineer or Quartermaster, is not necessarily eipial to an enier 
gency, when, a in the case of Washington, the commander is respon- 
sible for his army, as a whole, and for every subordinate element and 
relation. 'The following brief statement w A'l aid the student: 

Wise ^^ATF.SMA^■SHIP is fundamenial in declaruig military pol.cv. 

(IkANU Stratkcv "secures those ( ombin itions wh rh will assure 
the highest possible advantage in the employment of military force. It 
deals with the theatre of war. its chara( ter, resources, topographical 
features, inter-communication, and all substantial difficulties to be over- 
come in the way to success." Howe, at L(.)ng Island, and Brandywine. 
and Washington in the New Jersey cainpaign, illustrated good strategy. 

C.KANO T \c I h s "teaches how to handle armies in the field." 
Clinton and AVashington met the conditions at Monmouth. 

i,ii(.isii(s "embodies the practical art of bringing armies fully 
equipped, to the liattle issue." This involves all supplies of ordnance, 
))rovisions, medicines, transportation, etc., etc. (General Ctreene excelled 
in this art, and Washington was ])re-eminently watchftd of minutest 
details. 

I'.N'C.iNKKRiNi; " is the application of mathematics and mechanics 
to works offensive and defensive, the crossing ot rivers, removal of 
obstacles and kindred service." dridlev showed skill in fortifying 
Breeds Hill, and both (ireene and Rufus I'utnam aided successfully to 
establish |)osts on the Hudson. S(.i du.i Kosciusko at Saratoga. 

MiNop r.Acin < "involves the instruction ol soldiers, individually, 
in the details of militarv drill, and, the perfection of discipline." 

This was the special merit of Baron Steuben at Valley Forge ; so 
that the army was seasoned for the ensuing campaign. 



Ife #^ 



^' 




®afio0rn)^l|ic«il gUitstriitiotw. 



List of Maps. Page. Page in Histokt. 

I —Outline of Atlantic Coast 6 Fkontisi'IECE 

2. Ballle of Hunker Hill ■ loUows pajje 1 1 1 

3.— Siege of Quebec i<> " " '37 

4. — Boston and Vicinity 12 . . . . " " 154 

5, — Operations in Canada 14 " *' ^^9 

6. — Kattle of Long Ulind 16 " " 213 

7. — New York and Vicinity iS " " 227 

8. — C.iplure of Kori Wa^liington ::o " " 2;,( 

9. — Trenton and Vicinity 22 " " 269 

10. — Trenlon and Princeton 24 " " 277 

II. — Operations in New Jersey 26 " ' 302 

12.— Burgoyne's Saratoga Campaign 2S " ' 312 

13. — Hallleuf llul.lMrdton .W " " 321 

14. — " " Bennington 32 .. .. " " 334 

15. — " " Freeman's Farm 34 . . . . " " 344 

16. — •' " llcmi.^ Height.^ ,Vi " " 349 

17. — .Surrender of Burgoync jS " " 354 

iS. — Caplure of Foris Clinton and Montgomery (o ■' 3tii 

ig —Battle of Brandywinc 4- " " 3^' 

20. — " " Germantown 44 " " 391 

21. -I )|ieralions on ihe Delaware. ' .. " " 395 

22. — " near Philadelphia 4S " " 398 

23. — Encampment at Valley Forge ;o " " 401 

24. — La Fayette at Barren IliU 5- " " 407 

25. — Battle of Monmouth 54 " " 445 

26. — Siege of Newport ^0 " " 45*' 

27. — ■' '■ Savannah 5" " ' 4^3 

2^ ■' " Charleston ''o " ' 4'»7 

29.— Battle of Springfield 62 " ■ 502 

30. — Outline Map of Hudson RivtT, Highlands 64 " " 512 

31. — Baiile of Camden ' (• '■ ■ 5" 

32. — Arnold at Richmond .imll'eierslmrg. fi> 533 

33.— Battle of Cowpens 7" " ' 54^ 

34. — Operations in Southern States 72 " " 556 

35.— Battle of (iuilford 74 " " 5*5 

.',6.— ■■ ■• Hobkirk's Hill 7''> " " 57- 

37. — " " Kutaw Springs 7'^ " " SS- 

3S. — Operations in Chesapeake Bay So " " 596 

39. — La Fayette in Virginia >2 " " 6lf) 

40. — Benedict Arnold at New Loiiilon S4 . . . " " 629 

41. — Siege of Vorktown ^6 " " 645 

42. — Summary of Events bS,..„.. 



COtttlittc of tl|r ^thnttir O^oii$t 



/^fc^HE j;e()^ra|)liiral iealures of the theatre of war dtfint- its critical 
■ I , and stratt'tiic elements. Genera! Howe expressed his estimate 
V_i (,f the inip^-n'ling struggle vvlien he siicc- eded Gage, October 
lolh, 1774. by assuming command ■' in all the Atlantic Colonies, from 
\(i\a Scotia to VVesi Florida, inclusive." 

Lord 1 lartmoiith had previously advised that New \'f>rk be made 
the base of British operations, at the e.vjiense of abandoning Massachu- 
setts : and when Washington assumed command of the Amerii an army 
before lloston, July 3d, 1775. lie urged forward the siege and all other 
operations, with view to ihe earl est prac'ticable occupation of New 
York. Referenc e to the ma|) ex])lains their purpose. 

l-rom tlie usual formation of armies by right, centre and left 
divisions, there is derived an analogous g ographical separation into 
right, centre and left zones, or bells, of operation. Thus, from New 
York as a base, there is developed, as the right zone. New Kngland, 
which could be completely isolated from the iriilre (New jersey and 
I'ennsvKaniai whenever the force al New \'nrk had nav.al 1 ontrcjl of 
Hudson river and Long Island s(jund. 

The adequate occu])ation of Chesa])eake bay, by a f me from New 
York, would alike isolate the South from the centre, and i>revent inter- 
support. This was true British ])oli(y 

A wise counter strategy, devoKed \ipon the Ameri( an (omniaiider 
the necessity of holding the central zone, so hnnly. as to threat-n New 
York, sujjport the other zones, and thwart all efforts, p' rmanently to 
isolate, and thereby conquer in detail. New I'^ngland and the South. 
His location amid the fastnesses of New Jersey, exi ejit while at Valley 
i"'orge, when Howe held Philadelphia in force, as an advanced base, and 
the garrison of New York was too feeble for offensive action, enabled 
him so well to fulfill the best strategii conditions of ultimate success, 
that New Kngland was abandoned by Clinton, New York imperilled, 
and Vorktown was captured. Incursions and depredations only irri- 
tated the i)eo]ile. 

A classification bv teachers and jiupik, of the events of the war, by 
their relations to tin se zones and their effect in se]iarating, or associa- 
ting the differeni sections, in opposition to (Ireat 15ritain, will insure a 
fair basis for a judgment u]ion the character of tlie soldiers of that 
war 

I'he substantial unitv of the roUinies in their assertion of inde- 
l)endence, coupled with the fai t thai, when ISoston was evacuated, there 
remained no effective I'.rilisli g.irrison upon Coliuiial sciil, requires that 
the war be considered as one between two independent States, and that 
the aggressiveness of Great Britain be treated as an invasion, fur < on- 
quest. 



Rattle of §nn\icv f|Ul 



JUNE 17th, 1775 



PUTNAM PRESCOTT STARK 

Strength, 1,400. Casualties, 449. 

NriTES. — The spirited skirmishes at Lexington and Concord, April 19th, encouraged the '' Massa- 
chusetts. Committee of Safety" and the "Council of war" to seize the heights behind Charlestown, 
and thus anticipate a like movement proposed by the British for June 18th. The troops organized at 
Cambridge, just after sunset, June i6lh. and moved under their commander, Col. PRESCOTT, for 
Bunker Hill; but, by advice nf Engineer Gridley, Breeds Hill was substitute.! as more eligible for 
resisting a British landing. PUTNAM accompanied the expedition, returned to headquarters in the 
morning for reinforcements, regained the peninsula, with STARK, and was conspicuously active in 
encouraging the troops during the day. Stark held the left, supplementing what was defective near 
the Mystic, while Prescott fought at the redoubt. A small trench had been begun, eastward fruni 
the entrance, to be returned northward and join the main line. The presence of a small pond seemed 
partially to protect that flank, and there was no time for more elaborate entrenchments. 

CLINTON HOWE PIGOTT 

Strcnjitli, ,5,f^oo Casualties;, 1.054. 

N.. IKS.— The British lamlcil at Moult.,ii's l>..irit, arul formed ...i Mort,.ii's Hill. 
The first ,i<lv.inc(!, .nt three o'clock I'. M., was promptly repulsed. The .irtillery was of little 
service, having heen carelessly supplied with balls of larger calibre than the guns. The 38th Regi- 
menl, upon their repulse, took lodgment behind a stone wall. Reinfi>rced by the 5lh Regiment, Gcn- 
rigolt again approached the redoubt, but again the whole line is repulsed, and his division reforms under, 
cover of a lower ridge of Breeds Hill. Charlestown is in flames. Clinton and Hurgoyne cross over and 
take part in the action. The 47th Regiment and marines, freshly arrived, unite with the 43d and ssd 
to support the 5lh and 38th in^'a combined attack upon the redoubt, while the grenadiers, light infantry 
and artillery, complete the general line of advance. Howe turns two available guns upon the entrance 
to the redoubt. The Americans, now being without .immunition, retreat. I'utnain attempted 10 
provide a rallying place on Bunker Hill, but found it impracticable. 

Gen. Warren, present as a volunteer, was killed near the entrance of the redoubt, and each army 
engaged lost nearly .a third of its force. 

Mem.— rA<- AVt//.i/i landing ikouu/ kavt hern made from ihi Mystic^ in rear 0/ ttunker 
Hill, or from ikt isthmus, un.Irr cK-fr „r Ikt Jleel. 



Itrfrtciirco 

CaKRINGTON'S "BaTTLKS '(F IIIF. AMKRIC.AN KKVriLUTIOV," p[i. 92-II7. 

School 5ii.!5!tonr.&: 

Anderson, ^ 20; p. 7'->. Holmes, \ 8 ; p. iii. Swinton,^^ 79-84 ; p. 120-1, 

Barnes, ^ ^ ; p. 108. Lnssing, ^ 10-14 ; P- 132-^1- Scott, ^ 5-8 ; p. 161*3. 

Bcrard (Bush), T^ 41-42 ; p. 143-4. Quackenbos,^2g4-7; p.aog-12. Thalheimer (Eclectic),^ ; 
Goodrich, C. A. (Seaveys),^ 9; p. 115. Ridpath, ^ 8-12 ; pp. 189-90. p. 134-5. 

Goodrich. S. G., «[ 4-15; pp. 193-4. Sadlier (Excel),!' 16-18; p. 17-980 Venable, 1" 123 ; P- 96. 
Hassard, ^ 10-19; p. 159-62. Stephens, A, H., ' ; ; p. 173-4- 




School Hill 



THE 
BATTLE OF BREEDS HILL, 

OR 

BUNKER HILL. 

Comi.,k.d :i„dDra„ul,, Coh CiUTmst.m. 
^^^™ nrtlish 



i 



Brp-Hs Hill 






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eft'"-''' ' 




^$$aiUt npmt (OucUcc 



DECEMBER 30, 1773 



Jlmnnrau (Tommanbrt^ 

MONTGOMERY ARNOLD 

Strength, 1,300. ("asu.-ilties, 750. 

NoTF^.— ARNOLD left C.imbridge Sept. 17th, sailed from Newport Sept. i()th, entered the Ken- 
nehec River Sept. aolh, sent scouts to Dead River and Lake Mcgantic (sec map 1 ), and advanced Morgan's 
rillcmen on the 23d. This command of 1,100 men, with rations for 45 days, was expected to make the 
m.irch to St. Lawrence River in 20 days. Storms, swamps, thickets, freezes, hunger and desertions 
reduced the number one fourth, and Point Levi was not reached by the survivors until Dec. gth. On 
the i3lh, at night, 750 men crossed in birch bark canoes, but daylight having revealed the movement, 
the residue, with ladders already prepared for storming purposes was left behind. Arnold picketed 
the roads from Lorette, St. Foy and Three Rivers, to cut off supplies for Quebec ; but finding that 
tile garrison had been strengthened during his protracted march, lie retired to Point Au.\ Trembles on 
the igth, to await tlie arrival of Montgomery. 

MONTGOMERY succeeded Schuyler (sick) in command of a second expedition, organized at 
Ticonderoga to invade Canad.i rv'.i Montreal, captured that city November 12th, left Wooster in 
command, and joined Arnold about Dec. isl. Ad%-aiicing through snow drifts ten feet deep, he 
ijuartered his men in houses of the suburb of St. Roche, on the Charles River, before dark, Dec. 5th. 
( In the 6th he demanded the surrender of Quebec, but received no reply. t)n the glh a battery of six 
guns .ind two mortars w.as planted before St. John's gate. The hard frozen ground and extreme cold 
rendered regular approaches impracticable, and the small cahbre of the guns rendered them useless 
tor breaching purposes. On the 16th an assault was planned. On the night of the 30th one 
column demonstrated against St. John's and St. Louis' gates ; one column against Cape Diamond 
bastion, while one, under Montgomery-, toward Kings ^'ard, beneath Cape Diamond, and a fourth 
under Arnold, through the lower town, by I'orte de Palais, made the chief attacks. Premature 
signals alarmed the garrison, and in spite of desperate valor, both assaults failed. Montgomery, 
McPherson, Cheeseman and ten others were killed by one discharge of gr.apeshoI. Arnold wa.s 
wounded, and Morgan, who ai companied him, was taken prisoner with 426 odicers and men. Arnold 
retreated, and the siege was praclicilly abandoned until spring. 

SIR GUY CARLETON, Governor of Canada, distinguished himself by kindness to the pris- 
oners He h.id withdrawn from Montreal in safety, at the attack of Montgomery, reached Point Anx 
Trembles the same day as Arnold, just missing him, and by his arrival increased the garrison of 
<Juebec to about 3,000 men. Two hundred guns defended the works. 

MKM.—0///ir/'ra7u- men in Ihr assault, lhe/alloMh:g ,l,s,y;:- natice: MEIGS and FEBIGER 
stormed Stony I'aint with Wayne .- Col. Q'R'E.KVi d,/,?i,te,i Red Hank : TUfiYKR /oUi-lit at Fori 
,-\bfflin .- LAMB .;/ /■urt Montgomery and farito-ivu .- OSWALD at Monmouth, and PORTER- 
FIELD „/ Camden. STEVENS at Ticonderoga, Saratoga and Yorktown. 



<'arpini;T()N's " Baiti.ks oi- riii-. Ami km \n Ki voi.i'TInN." pp. 121-137. 

School iUstonrs : 

Anderson, 5 =5 ; P- 7=- Holmes, ^ 11 ; p. 1.3. Swinton. •[ 94 ; p. i24. 

Barnes. 1i ; ; p. 112. Lossing, t =i-^ ; P- 137. Scott, 1 14 ; p. 165. 

Eerard(Bushl, ^43-t,; pp. 146-7. (Juackenbos, 1 302; p. 216. Thalheimer (Eclectic), t 246-7 ; 

Goodrich, C..\.(>eaveys),1" 14. p. 117. Ridpath, 1 19; p. 191. p. 137-8, 

Goodrich. S.G.,^ 8; p. ioo. Sadlier ( E.xcell, ^ 21 ; p. 180. Venable, K 126; p. g3. 

Hassard, 1i ^ : p. 164. Stephens. A H, « 10 : p. 177 
















o 






b ^ 



iii^ 






hkijM JUNE 201I1, 1775 iti MARCJH lycli, 1776 



WASHINGTON 

WARD, LEE, PUTNAM, GREENE, SULLIVAN, THOMAS, 
R. PUTNAM, MIFFLIN. 

Strength, ;j.372 ('a^ualties 30 



^vitieh (f ommnnbn*0 

HOWE 

PIGOTT BURGOYNE CLINTON 

'^trenijth. i).i47 Casualties, Nominal 

Notes.— Immediatelv .ifler the .iction .it Breeds Hill, Putnam fortified Ploughed Hill and 
I'rospect Hill, so cffectinlly, that"" Mirrrs.,f„| snnir ».as m.ide acrn« th- isthmus. Kv thr British 
force on Chaile-ln.n Hfiijhtv 

The position of the American divisions appears from the map. Th - environment was complete. 
During the winter. Washington waited, in vain, for such thickness of ice as would en.ahle him to cross 
and attempt the city by assault The strategy, which was finally successful, commanded universal 
praise from conteniporarj' soldiers. 

After sunset, March ist, and again during the entire night of March 4th. all batteries within prac- 
tical rant^e. opened fire upon the city, and with such effect as to compel the garrison to keep under 
cover. liy daylight of March 5tli. two redoubts crowned Dorchester Heights. (Jenerals Greene and 
Sullivan were in position at Fort No. 2. near Putnam's headquarters, to resist any attack, in case the 
British discovered the proposed movement before its execution. Eight hundred picked men. well 
armed, and a working party of twelve hundred, marched silently, under command of General Thomas. 
Three hundred cirls, with picks, tools and fascines, had been provided by Quartermaster Mifflin, who 
had been in Washington's confidence, during preparation for the movement. Rufus Putnam acted as 
Chief Engineer. 

The British lu.lde ..iie effort to dislodge the Americans rr..m the Heights, but th.ir l.o.is were 
dispersed by a storm, and the attempt was 11. .t repeated 

By March 10th, the Americans had fortified Nook's Hill, and during that night, eight hundred 
shot and shell were tlirown into the city. 

(in the I7lh (lener.d Howe rvac.ial.H, and ..t, the 20th (Jeneral V.'ashington entered Hoston. 



Itcfcvcncro : 

Cakkivi;|'in's " liM 1 i.i-s II \MH<h A\ KF-Vor.fTio.N," pp. I46-IS4. 

School "i'u.stoviw : 

Anderson, ', iS ; p 7;. Holmes, "? 14 ; p. 114. Swinton, "i 97-b ; p. 124-6. 

Barnes, ■ \ ; p. 112. Lossing, ^ 13 ; p. 14 ■. Scott, t 2-5 ; I>. if^7. 

Berard (liushl, 1 5;; p. 148. Quackenbos, ^ 307 ; p. 219, Ihalheinier (KclccticI, 1 248 ; 

Goodrich.C. A.iScaveys)^i6; p. 117. Ridpalh, 1 3-5 ■, p. 193. p. 13-'. 

Goodrich, S. G., 1 7-S ; p. 204-5. Sadlier (Excel.), 1 23 ; p. 182. Venable, 1 .27 ; p. g8. 

Hassard, ^ 12-13 ; p. 167. Stephens, A. H , 't i ; ; ].. 17:. 



^!^4v4t, %?>^ 





Caa^K^ a//f/ />njii7,M (h/ /'tinm//lii/te 



Yiriuity. 







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s/ 



4^" f f CI. ^ 




(Oficvtttiotts itt d^duniin 

I'RcjM Sl''.l' r. 1755, TO JIj'I.V i77() 

Schuyler, Montgomery, Wooster, Thomas, 
Sullivan 

ARNOLD, J. &H. B. LIVINGSTON, WAYNE, Col. GREEN, OSWALD, 

MORGAN, WARNER, IRVINE, PORTERFIELD, ALLEN, 

THAYER, THOMPSON 

CARL£TON BURGOYNE 

PHILLIPS, RIEDESEL, PRESCOTT, ERASER, NESBIT, McLEAN 

Ni'TK'^. 1 he Canada campaign was ba-sed upon the thenr>' that the people of that country were fully 
III earnest to resist the enforcement of certain Acts of Parliament, which were reported to be as offensive 
in practical aiiiihration, as those which irritated the othirr colonies. The garrisons at Montreal nnti 
( )iielK'c were known to be small, antl the acquisition of Canada would leave no independent land base 
for Hiitish O|)erations on the continent. The people of Canada did not rcs|)onil. in force. The expe- 
ditions wen- too feeble to coniiuand their respect, or act indeuendently, and the season of the year was 
exccedniL-ly unpmpilious for field service. 

(...vernor I arleton had moved southward to St. Johns, intending tosecure TIconderoga and Crown 
Point, which h.1.1 been seired by Allen and Warner on the 10th and nth of May. Schuyler was 
entrusted with command of the column against Montreal. It reached Isle La Motte ^ept. 3d, Isle 
Au.\ Noix Sept. 4th. and embarked for St Johns Sept. 6th. Montgomery at once succeeded to the 
command, as Schuyler was compelled to return to Ticonderoga on account of sickness. October iSlh, 
Livingston (James) and Major l;rown, with a local force, seized Chambly, and large supplies. Cieneral 
Wooster then joined Montgomery, and, after a siege of fifty days, captured St. Johns, Nov. 3d, and 
(>o-< prisoners, Andre among the number. Xov. 12th, Montgomery occupied Montreal, and Carlcton 
retired to Quebec On the ist of April, 1776, Wooster assumed command in Canada, and attempted 
to rednre Quebec. Arnold injured his wounded limb by a fall from his horse, and returned to Mon- 
treal with Wooster, who took a sick leave, while Thomas took command, "u Nlay i>t. Carleloii made 
a prompt sortie, in force, and the American army, after much loss, retreated to Dechambaiilt, 58 miles 
below Montreal, and on the id of June reached Sorel. Here C.ener.il Thomas died, and Sullivan took 
command on the fth. The battle of the Cedars, near Montreal, had alreailv been disastrous 10 
American prestige in that vicinity. On the 1st of June, the British army in Cana<la h.id been im teased 
log.<)B4ef?e.live men, and General Kraser advanced nearly to Three Rivers, to lake the olfensive. 
Sullivan, underestimating Fraser's force, reinforced St. Clair, who was at Nicholet, with 800 men, by 
sending Wayne, Ma.-swell and Irvine, under Cleneral Thompson, down the river and through Lake St. 
Peters, to att.aek the British column. They effected a landing at Cape Aux Lac, but not undiscovered, 
and left Thompson, Irvine and isoother prisoners with the enemy. 

The British ships ascended the river, and on the T4th of June, Sullivan withdrew his army, already 
demoralized and enfeebled by the scourqe of smallpox, reaching St. Johns on the i8th of June, aiid 
Crown Point early in July. "Arnold remained at Montreal with 300 men, until the British fleet hove in 
sight. The British army, under Hurtoyne re-occupied St. Johns, and the Canadian campaign, which 
had cost over s,ooomcn,and so persistently depleted the army which Washington needed at New York, 
came to an end. 

Carkint-.tcin's •■Battlk'S III. iiiK .\Mt.ki. ■. . RHViM.irTiON." pp. 92-117. 

^rliool Ytifitorifis: 

Anderson, 1 26 ; p. 72. Holmes, t q ; p. 112. Swinton, t 93-5 ; p. 123-4. 

Barnes, 14; p. in. Lossing, 1 19-22 : p. 136-7. .Scott, f 12-16 ; p. 164-5. 

Berard (Bush), 1 47-52 ; p. 146-7. Quackenbos,* 399-303; p. 214-17- Thalheimer (Eclectic), 1 246-7 ; 

Goodrich, C. A. fSeaveysl,fI 13; p. 117. Ridpath, 1 17-20; p. 191-.-. p. 137-8. 

Goodrich, R. G., 1 1-10; p. 201-2. Sadlier, (E.\cel), "T 20; p. 180. Venable, t 1=6; p. 98. 
HassarJ, •: 2-6 ; p. 163-/. Stephens, A, H. •[ 7-13; p. i 74-6. 




ci^ ' I C I'lpi/aliinJDraiivkCot.Cm-mtiifmt 



AlUJUS'l' ^7, 1776 

SULLIVAN PUTNAM STIRLING 

Strength, 9.3S0 Casualties, 997 

Notes. — American«i entrench on Brooklyn Heights, from Wallabout Bay to Oowanus Bay. Rtgh 
Tciwj,', under Stirling, is advanced along the harbor road, on shortest line of British approach. The 
.vw/rc, under Sullivan, is at I'mspect Hill (now Prospect Park i. to oppose British advance z-ia Flat- 
bush. The if/f, toward Jamaica, is unprotected and only negligently patrolled. 



^vttt$h (f amttmubrt0 

CORNWALLIS HOWE, CLINTON 

DONOP DeHElSTER PERCY 

Strength, 20,500 ( '.Tsii.Tlties, 400 

N'lTl'-^. — Britisli, in force under Grant, pres^; Stirling l)ack, .ifter :< sharp .ictinn, near preiienl 
Orcenwn.xl Cemeterj. I)e lleisler llirealcns Sullivan from Klatbush. Ttie main army, under H..«c, 
Clinlon, Cornwalli^ and Percy, lurns the unprotected American left flank, takes Sidlivan and Stirling 
in the rear, and captures both. British entrench ; neglect to assault the works, and the American army 
retre.ils m Nr»- ^■^^k, AuR. gg, without loss, under cover of niuht and a dense fog 

Mem.— TAc exmnination o/ liri/isl, ami American AnhiTfs clearly shows the /act that the 
American less in prisoners has hco! greatly over-estimated. The American farce at Brooklyn 
has l.een under-estimated: tut these disparities are accounted /or by care/ul study o/ the 
*^ 0/ficial Returns^ The statement that many o/ Stirling s division vjere drowned in Gowanus 
Bay, is lOn/rontcd by these Returns. 



CaRRINOTON's " I'.ATII.KS OF TIIK .AMKKKAN ReVOI.UTJO.N', " pp. U)8-2I3 

.Srhool I\i.6tovir.!i : 

Anderson, "i 33-4; p. 75, Holmes, ^ 20 ; p. 119. Swinton,^ 112-14 ; p. 128. 

Barnes, ^ 3 ; p. 114. Lossing, 1 14 ; p. 135. Scott, 1[ S-g ; p. i7o*t. 

Berard (Bush), 1^60-62; p. 151-2. Quackenbos,^ -.i i-i6; p. ^.24-27. Thalheimer (Eclectic 1, ^ 239-4 
Goodrich. C. .\.(Seaveys),^ 4; p. 120. Ridpath. ^ 7-12; pp. 18S-90 p. 134-5. 

Goodrich.S. G.,^ 3-6; pp. 211-212. Sadlier I Excel 1,^2: p.184 Venable, «) 134; p. loi, 

Hassard, ", 5-8; p. 176-7. Stephens, A. H., f 4-7 ; p. 193. 



(|)|in*rtttmt0 xxttiv Iti^iu Mi^vU 

NOTES. 

NoTR I.— Clinton lands at Kipp's Bay, September i5ih, under cover of ships of war, indicated on 
map, and disperses the brigades of Parsons and Tellows, which \\ ashini;lon attempts, in vain, to 
rally. Throe ships of war ascend the Hudson to Bloomingdalc, to cut off retreat from New York 
(Map ..) 

Note II.— Howe sends troops to Buchanan Island i now Ward's i, and Montressor Island (now 
R.indairsl ; also, beyond Flushing, to control outlet to Lnnj; Kland Sound. 

Note III.— Howe encounters Washington, near HARLEM HEIGHTS, Sept. i6lh, j;reatly to 
the credit of the Americans. 

Note IV.— The British army, at Staten IsLind, Aug. jjth, numbered 31,625 men. y^^ American 

Army Return of Oct. 6;h, gives a total, rank and file, of 25,735 ; absent, sick or on furiough, 8,075. 
Needed to complete regiments, 11,271. Kno.v'^ artiller>' numbered 5^0, and Backus' light horse 153. 
Some regiments made no returns. 

Note V.— Washington retired from Hariem to the mainland ; left a garrison at Fort Washington ; 
moved along the west side of the Bronx toward White Plains, to protect his supply depot, keep his 
communication with New England, and foil the plan of Howe to shut him up between the East River 
and the Hudson. 

Note VI.— Howe leaves Percy at McGowan's Pass, lands at Ihrogg's Neck ; finds the passage to 
the main land well guarded; rceinbarks; lands at Pell's Point; on the 16th and .7th, has a skirmish 
beyond East Chester, at a stone fence ; passes New Rochclle on the 21st, and goes into camp. 

Note VII —On the a2d, Knyphausen, having .arrived from Europe, lands at Meyer's Point ; 
protects Howe's base, and moves toward Fort Washington on the 28th, on which date Howe gains 
a position at White Plains. 

Note VIII.— Chattertnn Hill, ^^.j,;^), commanded Howe's camp, as well as White Plains, and 
was occupied by McDougall and two guns of Capt. Alexander Hamilton,'' -'■"'i"':'' ''V ■-'^'••'' '""l 
Rahl on the 29th. British casualties, 231. American casualties, 130. 

Note IX.— Howe wails for reinforcements; loses one day, through a storm, a„j Washington 
retiring, attain.s a strong position on North Castle Heights. """'• ''""' '°''=''' """'■'='' '' '°'' 
Hudson River, at Dolibs Ferri', to operate against F.irt Washington. 

Note X,-The fight at Chatterton Hill is generally knosvn as the " Battle of While Plains," 
at which place there was uo actual collision between the armies. 



|tcfn*nicir!5: 

Carrington's "Battles of thk Ameku,a.\ k evolution." pp 228.234 
'Jakrington's Battles ; for other Details, pp. 214-242 

ichool ^listorirs : 

Anderson, If 35 ; p. 75. Holmes, ^ 21; p. 119. Swinton,t 115; p. 128. 

Barnes, ^ I ; p. 116. Lossing, 1j iK ; p. 146. Scott, ^ 12 ; p. 171. 

Berard(Bush), 1 63; p. 153. Quackcnbos.l 319; p. 229. Thalheimer 'Eclectic), ^ 254-1 

Goodrich, C. A. (Seaveys),1 5; p. 121. Ridpath, 1 21 ; p. 197. p. 145-6. 

Goodrich, S. G., 1 i : p 21 j. Sadlier (Excel),1 4; p.187. Venable 1 135 ; p. 102. 

liassard, ^> 9; p. 17S. Stephens, A. H.. 1 9 ; p. 193. 



(tiiv*^^^'*^ **f ^^^^ piaehinptou 



NOVEMBER i6th, 1776 



MAGAW^ 

RAW^LINGS CADWALLADER BAXTER MILLER 

Sirength, 2,764 (asualtic-, 130 Surrendered, 2 034 

Note.— Cadwalladcr «a, advanced .•-outhward f. iKc old field-work-; near ihe Morris House, lo 
resist British approach from New York. Baxter and Miller <i<:cupicd Laurel Hill and the site of 
I'ort George, overlooking Harlem Kiver, to prevent the crossing of troops whi. h approached from 
the direction of William's Bridge, on the east bank of that river. 

Kawlings was on the Hudson River ridge, or blulf, northward, toward Kingsbridge. Fort Tryon 
and Cock Hill Fort were small, advanced works, in the same direction, but designed chiefly to 
command the Hudson River. Fort Washington itself, except the small redoubt, was open eastward, 
and unprotected from artiiler>', which might be used from Laurel Hill. 



^i*itt0h C^0mmattbrt0 

CORNWALLIS HOWE CLINTON 

KNYPHAUSEN MATTHEWS RAHL PERCY STERLING 

Strength, 9,000 Casualties. 454 

■^ ,-,. r..,,- I Till- ^i . Iiii.i'i r^' ■■uAr,: rl.r Hariri., River, practically gained the rear of the w.,rks 

t with the loss of -o men taken prisoner. 

,.: two small oi.t-works in succession, followed 

I nil. 1 llol. 11.,,;.!... II iinlcnaWe This force 

1, i.d eluded the vigl- 



P.axterand Wilier fell. Rawlings w.as wounded in the ati.ak from the North. 

A g' .I'-ral as^aiili ninp' 'led siirreiKltr. In storming the rear ascent, eastward, which was already 
commanded by guns placed in position on Laurel Hill, '>"■ ne-.si.,r, iri^ini. i.i i \< •■, li.,,,,, 

l.isberg, Sleiii Nesse,i|..i. k and Iiiiil.rlli l..st , ■' in.-i The great loss in tents and heavy guns 
was severely felt by the .Vnierican army. 

ME.Nt.— VViis Fort ,ii,l tuil /'nvfil Ihl fassage o/shifs o/ mur up /lie Hudson, ..j had been exfeil- 
/•,/, ,tnd Hi /.w.r, exceft in men and materials 0/ war, did not permanently injure the American 
,,;,vir. Its /-ossession hy the British, as an outmost 0/ Ne-.o York, continually required a garrison. 
a'!. I the Americans maintained commuuication ivith Ne'io England , through /oris higher up the 
Hudson. Ihe je:v incursions to West, hestcr had little e/Mt on the lour. 



Ikfcvcncco : 



CAI(l<IN(nn\''s tUl rLI-.s "1 Mil. \>:j,ku \ , KlVdl.in liiM," jip. 2.12-254. 

%rhool ifti.stovir.o : 

.Anderson. •; y, ; p. 70 Holmes, 1 2.' ; p. 120. Swinton, ^ 116 ; p. 129. 

Ranie.,, 1 1 ; ]>. Ii6. Lossing, 1 20 : p. 147. Scott, 1 14 ; p. ni. 

Herard l Hushi, ^ 66 ; p. 154. Quackenbos, * 423; jt. 231. Thalheimer (Eclectic), ^ 256 ; 

Goodrich, C.A.lSeaveysi,^ 6; p. 121. Ridpath, ^ 23 ; p. 198. p. 146-7. 

Goodrich, S. G., 1 4-s ; p.213 Sadlier, (Excel), t 4 ; P- t87 Venable, 1 nfi ; p. loa. 

Hassard, ^ i : V <"< Mephens, A H. { 10; p .94. 



Cvm/ii/e^ a/ii/ JJranii //J /!'/ (arnii/ilon 






Molts. 

A- First aftatA iinttrr O'en I Xn)/ih/rnie» b\/ 
t/r/ucA/nrnfj front fftiSians o/ fit r cor/ti 
Ihfilriffuife crfiallsar^/lrgia n if I 

B. Srceiir/ a/tarA iyUe/ 'Li 
fa/tons nfLlg/itlnfftntry i7/////it 
ff/ft'tian/^twt^frffrtif Ot/r'Mi^'^ i 
/ii^sn/i/wr/ni^ f/tr/'*fiUO/r// 1 n^^ 

__ ^ijlrih,. 

(.'ninfaffari i/i/r/iifrr' i • •- 
/?/rifiyMri!i~'^ff'/ -J 

Sffr/tn/f stt/t/icrfrt/ 








r-? 



M.FaiirfAu/farA fit ' 

ofSritish u/!^ '//■- 

Jr/ny dur/tet/ if/i<f* 





'\\ 



> » * 



.^^ V 



The 


®fcuton 


The 


Mai:cb 


niib 


t}VVill 


which 

ttarnEsml 


yirittttu* 


fMjlilicrs, 
Matesnien 


and 


N()Ti:S. 


and 


8ai*i'il 
51 cur Icrsci^, 


Note. -General Charles Lee kept back his division of 
troops, f'lr selfish ends, although repeatedly ordered tu 
join Washington, and thus crippled his superior officer in 


Writers 


was 


NciTP, 2— 'A'ashington moved from Newtowti, iJeceni- 
ber J5th, to Taylorsvill,;, 9 miles above Trenton, with 
2,400 men, where he formed his two columns f...r the sur- 
prise of Rahl. 


the 


jilanncd 
ami 


:.J0TR 3. -General James Ewing was to cross below 
New town with 547 men, to sieze the bridge across the As- 
sinpink and cut off retreat to the South. 


Old 
Wtttld, 


executed, 
with 


Note 4 —Col. John Cadwallader was to cross at Bris- 
tol, below Bordentown, where Donop's Hessians were 
stationed, and co-operate with Grifhn, already East of the 
Delaware, who was to occupy Donop\ attention from the 
North 


paid 
'i'rihute 


SupEemo 


Note 5— General Putnam was expected 10 cross at 
Philadelphia with one thousand men. 
Disaffection in that City prevented him. 


to 


l-'aith 
in 
Success, 


Note 6— The column of Washington alone effected a 
timely crossing. Donop abandoned Bordentown after 
a sharp skirmish with Griffin ; and on the 27th, Cadwal- 
hader reached Bordentown with 1,800 men The ice pre- 
vented the landing of his artillery on the 26th, and tie 
abandoned the attempt then made. 


this 
great 

Stuttko 


in sjxite at 
the ■ 


Note 7 —The .Map indicates the sub-division aud 
march of Washington's columns ; the advance of Corn- 
wallis from Princeton, January sd, 1777, when he 
crowded Hand and Greene back upon Trenton ; also the 
American march ..f January 3J, whereby Wasliingt,.n fell 
upon the rear of the British Army, under Mawhood, at 


the 


Treacherij 




^.merican 


uf 




General 


fienetal 




in 


^haflcs l.ce. 




f'hief. 



^nttU uf ®ti?«toii 



DECEMBER 26th, 1776 



^mnnran Commrtitbct* 

WASHINGTON 

Strength, 2,400 Casualties, 2 killed, 3 wounded 

PM. — /lw.'«c ""• I'lound,;! ii-ere Captain, afterwards Col. Waskington, auj Lieut, yaiiies 
'.-, nfter-imir.is I'rtsident Monmr. Tliry -Mere mounded tvliile capturing two .guns in /rani ,</ 
: Headgunrlers, an King's St- eet. 

JTE. The two columns, adv.mcing as indicated on previous map, respectively gained the head 
ot of King's street, at 8 o'clock in the morning, after a hard march, through hail, sleet and rain, 
:h many were frost bitten. Several died. The surprise of the Hessians was complete. Hand s 
n, and the Virginia regiments of Scott and Lawson, prevented the escape of many, along the 



RAHL 

Strength, 1,400 Casualties, 40 Force surrendered, 1,009 

Note —Portions of Anspach and Knyphauscn's regiments, serving under Kahl, attempted to rally, 
east of Queen street, but the lower town and the hndgc .icross the Assanpink, had been seized by 
Sullivan, Stark and St. Clair, and surrender was inevitable. The Aniericaii guns at the head of King 
and Queen streets commanded the : 



Carrinc-.ton's "Battles of the A.mkkh an Revoi.ition," pp. 270-278. 

^rhool lU.stoncs: 

Anderson,^ 39; p. 76. Holmes, H 23 ; p. 121. Swinton, 1 123 ; p. 130. 

Karnes. 1 3 ; p. 117. Lossing, 1 23 ; p. 128. Scott, 1 18 ; p. 173- 

KerardiBushl,^ 68; pp. 154-5. Quackenbos, *[ !25 ; p. 233. Thalheimer (Eclectic), ^ 259 ; 

Goodrich, C.A. (Se-aveys), 1 9. p. 122. Ridpath, "I 26-7"; p. 198-9. p. 147. 

Goodrich, S.G.. 5 1-7; p. 216. Sadlier (Excel), 1 6; p. 188. Venable, ^ 137; p. 104. 

Hassard, ^ 8 ; p. 182. Stephens, A. H., 1 13 ; p. I95- 



^nttlc of ^littccton 



JANUARY 3d, 1777 



i.hr-a oil t)ie.-ast liinl:-.! ihe A ssinpink (Trenton ) river, leavin;^ the 

„..„ ^ ^ ing, made a forced march to extricate his army from an impending 

conflict with Cornwallis. who had humcd from Brunswick on the defeat ol Rahl, to attack the Ameri- 
can army Col. Mawhood, commanding the British rear-guard, had left Princeton, when he saw the 
American vanguard under Mercer enter the town. He returned and attacked with vigor. Mercer fell, 
but the British were repulsed with a loss of loo in killed and wounded. and 230 prisoners. The Ameri- 
can casuahtes exceeded 100. 

Washington restored temporary confusion which occurred on the fall of Mercer, by personal cx- 

fosiire and great bravery. He gained a strong position among the hills., iti the rear of Cornwallis. and 
hereby forced the British army back to New Brunswick and New York. New Jersey was, for the 
liiiic, adivticU irum British cunirol. 

Carhncton's "Battles of the American Revolution," pp. 284-194. 

School ili.stovic.s : 

Anderson, t 43 ; P 78. Holmes, 1 i ; p. 123. Swinton, t 124; p. 130. 

Barnes, 11 I ; p. 118, Lossing, 1 5 ; p. 15L Scott, 1 2 ; p. 179. 

Berard (Bush), 1 82--, ; p. 15S-9. Qu.ickenbos, 1 327 ; p. 234-5 Thalhcimer (Eclectic), t 260 ; 

Goodrich,C. A.(Sraveys)tio; p. 123. Ridpath, 1 1-4; p. 201. p. 147-8. 

Goodrich, S, G., 1 1-7 ; p. 217-18, .Sadlier (Excel). 1 8 ; p. 188. Venablc, 1 137 ; p. 105. 

Hassard, 1 11 ; p. 1S5. Stephens, A. H., 1 15 ; p. 196. 




Comf/Ueifa/<a»riirifil/e'ol Carn 



Amriicmt (Tammitnbci^^ 

GREENE WASHINGTON sullivan 

LAFAYETTE, LEE, STIRLING, MAXWELL 



^ritioh (fomiimttbn*0 

CLINTON HOWE CORNWALLIS 

KNYPHAUSEN, GRANT, DONOP, RAHL 





Middlehro 


New Brunswick. 


Mt, Holly 


Trenton, 


Imlay5to%^ 


Princelon, 


Plainfield 


Bound I'.rook. 


Chathani, 


Cranbury, 


Somerset 


Bordentown, 


Hightstou 


Burlington, 


Dumbarto 


H.iskinridgi;, 


Penningt" 


Kingston, 


Elizabeth, 


Maidenhead, 


Hillsboroi 



■sue between Washington and Ho 
, failure to entangle Washington 
briefly noticed 



th mllilary ., 

Metuchen, 
Newark . 

Quibblct'ow 

Milhngujn', 
Sandlown, 



Mo 



nth. 



Haddenfield, 
Red Bank. 
Englishtown. 
Sumimrville, 



vhich inipenllcd A 



Westfield. 
Woodbridge, 



Scotch Plains, 
Bonhampton, 
Middletown, 
Rahway, 
South Amboy, 
Perth Amboy, 
Billingsport, 
Middlebrook. 
Paulus Hook. 

This was sol 



^cconb |lrni 3ct0Ci» Cnm|?rti0u 



On llie ijlh n( June, 1777, Howe marched from Brunswick to Princt 
lis, with the right column, w.is directed to Hillsborough, and Pe He 



"fti'iT, 1" 



li i;,ooo men. Corn- 
Middlebrook, turning 
Court House, as indi- 
Id risk a general 
■ Fleminglon, to 



(Jn lh( 
walli' 

ofl from the Princelon Road, and the line was definitely urolongcd to Some 
cated on the map. Howe threatened Philadelphia, hoping that Washing 
engagement in its behalf. The New Jersey niilitia were posted on Lowla 
which place Sullivan had withdrawn from Princeton. 

Washington ordered all the Continental troops, then at Peekskill, c.vcept 1,000 men, to join him. 
He also strengthened the right wing of his position at Middlebrook. by redoubts. He argued, that 
Howe did not intend to cross the Delaware river because his baggage, boats and bridges had been left 
at Brunswick. f>n the loth Howe found that he could not draw Washington from his strong position, 
and returned 10 Brunswick 

Ma.vwell was at once sent forward to take position between^ Brunswick and Amboy, to cut off 
detached parties or baggage, while Greene was sent with three brigades to follow the river and attack 
their rear, so soon as they should leave the post. Stirling joined Maxwell, and Greene pursued as far 
as Piscataway. Washington moved his army to Quibbletown, and Stirling was placed in advance, 
at Metuchen. 

On the 26th. Howe resumed the offensive, and advanced to Scotch Plains and Westfield Com- 
wallis marched, via Woodbridge, at 7 A. M. with the right wing, and Howe with the left wing, ap- 
chcd Metuchen Meeting House, expecting that Cornwallis would gain the passes to Middlebrook. 
Bonhampton to threaten the American right wing. 



proachcd Metuchen Meeting House, ex 
Four battalions, with six guns, were als 



alli< 



had hardly passed through Wr.odbridge when he was confronted with Stirling ■ but, by 
ar as Westfield and Plainfield. capturing three Euns. and 



artillery, cr.iwded h 
nAicting upon Stirling a loss of 200 men. at the co 
OSS. W.ashington at once comprehended the whole 
before Cornwallis, who had been delayed by Stirling, 



of no 



Ma 



retireti ■ 



his fri 
Or 



in favor of th 
the afternoon 1 
On the 10th H 



.f the 



of C( 
■th. Corn 



tall: 



alii- 



nore tnan 70 

t, recovered the pa.sses to his old post, 
Id reach them, and Howe, who had threatened 
/cM. 
left Westfield. passed through Saropton, and joined 



id .Im 



•d hi 




^m/r>M a/r^ J)/ ,i „ ; / / ^ „,„, ,/ ,, 



l-roni JUNE 2otli to OC'l'. 19th, 1777 



BURGOYNE 

Strength, 7,863. 

Notes. On the 20th of June, 1777, Hurgoyne established his preliminary camp at Roquet Ri%^r, 
and on the 21st held a conference wiih Indian auxiliaries, engaged by him, under direction of Lord 
Germaine, but against his own judgment. 

The army left CroWn P-mit, to which ii had advanced on the 30th. in three divisions. The British 
infantry, grenadiers and a4ih Foot, with Canadians. Indians and ten guns, marched down the west 
sh.irc and encamped four miles from Ticonderoga. The German reserve and Hessian troops followed 
the east shore. Buigoync accompanied the fleet. 



SCHUYLER ST. CLAIR GAT£S 

Strcnglh, 3,446, iiK hiding Militia. 

Notes. The first British objective was the capture of Ticonderoara. A bridge of boats com- 
munic.lte.l wifli Fori Independence. .\ boom of bciny l.jgs and sunken timbers was deemed sufficient 
to i)p'veMt the piissatjc of ships into South Kiver. The Americans neglected to icirtify Sugar Lo,if Hill, 
deeming it inaccessible 

The investment began July ist. During the night of July 4th, the British occupied Sugar Loaf 
Hill, south of the fort, commandine it, and named the new position. Fort Defiance. Riedesel also cx- 
tejided his lines, so as iiearly to enclose Fort Independence. The fort became untenable. During the 
night of the slfi ..f July, the Americans siartcd 2.-o batteau.'i, under Col. Long, for Skenesborough, 
with their surplus supplies and iii\.ilid Iroops. 

At ^ A .M , July 6, uh.n .he relreai w.is well begun, a burning house at M.nint Independence ex- 
po.ed the movem.-ni 10 the hesicgeis C.euer.il Si Cl.iir bad already started toward Cavtieton. 
Phillips sent Eraser in pursuit, and joined Burgoyne, who took shipping through South River for 
Skenesborough. Riedesel put a garrison in Fort Independence and followed Fra.ser. The British sea- 
men cut through the bridge, and the fleet landed its troops at Skenesborough, shortly after Col. Long 
had landed and started for Fort Ann, 11 miles to the south, 

On the 7lh, Col, l.out; had a sh.irp engagement with Lieut. -Col. Hill and Major Forbes, near Fort 
•'^nn ; but, being compelled to retreat, burned the fort and retired 10 Fort Edward 

The British moved their heavy guns, bv water, to Fort fjeorge. while Burgoyne halted at Skenes- 
borough, and the left wing under Fraser and Riedesel pursued St. Clair. 



Cakrini-.tiin's " Battles ok the Amkrkan KEvoLtTio.s," pp. 301-312. 

School "iU.otinifi : 

Anderson, 1 S7 ; !■ 8.. Holmes, ^ 5 ; p. 1=5 Swinton, ', 142 ; p. 134. 

Barnes, ^ i ; p. 121. Lossing, ^ 18 ; p. 157 Scoit, ^ 12 ; p. 184. 

Berard (Bush), 1 73 ; p 15^. Quackenbos, ^ 334 ; p. 24,:. Thalheiraer (Eclectic, 1 : 

Goodrich,C. A.(Seaveys)^ 18; p. 126. Ridpath, ^ 12 ; p. 202-3. p. 150. 

Goodrich, S. G., ^ 4 ; p, 224, Sadlier (Excel.), •; 9 ; p. 189. Venablc.l 14.,; p. 106-7, 
Hassard, 1 s ; ].. 191. Stephens. A H , " 21 ; p lo^'. 




•• JXpittsford. 




witier orders o/Ge«lSlarlvJJ'g.id-Jii'- 



Rattle af gnltliuvtrtan 



JUl.V 711,, 1770 



^mcrtran OTommunber 

FRANCIS 

Strt-nizth, 1.300 Casuallies, 360 

^vitialt Comttumbct 

FRASER 

Strenj^tli, 1.400 Casualties, 203 



XiiTi:.— riener.1l St. Cl.iir. retreating from Ticonderoga, hastened toward Castleton. which he 
reached by niyht. July 6th. He left Col. Scth Warner with 150 men at Hubbardton, to colleri strag- 
glers and await the arrival of Col, Francis, who left Mount Independence with the rear guard of the 
American army at four o'clock in the morning. Col. Francis, being joined at Hubbardton by Col. 
HaJe, and thus having a force of nearly 1,300 men, determined to give battle. He attacked Fraser as 
soon as his pursuing columns appeared, before they could select their ground, and by use of fallen trees 
and other cover, made an effective attack. The precipitate retreat of Hale (then an invalid) left Francis 
and Warner but nine hundred men. just whenKi^'icrscl aiul Fart Halcarras ai lived with their buii.iUons. 
and rntcrcd inr. the acti-.n with vi^nr. h.uid playir.*;. and confident ■-( success. 

Stedman * />V///j^ author) says: "The Americans maintained their post with great resolution 
and bravery." The reenforcements did not arrive so soon as e.<pected, andvictory was (or a l"ri^ time 
doubtful. 

The wide dispersion of the fugitives in the woods, after Cul. Fr-uicis fell, when resistance became 
hopeless, induced an excessive estimate of the American casualties. 



|?cfn*riicco: 

Cakkini.T'in'- 'Haiiii ■! nil .\!i,i,h AN K I'.vc ii.u HON " pp. 214-242 

,§rhool 'iUstotirs : 

AnderM.ii, 1 58; p. 82. Holmes, 1 ^ ; p. —. Swinlon, T — ; p. — . 

I'arncs, \ — ; p. — . Lossing, ^ iS ; p. 137. Scotl, ^ 12 ; p. 184. 

lierard (Bushl, H 74 ; p. 156. Quackenbos,^ 334; p.240. Thalheimer I Eclectic 1, ^5; 

1 ioodricli, C. A. (Seaveys),^ ig: p. 137. Ridpath. ^ i^; p. 20.^. p. 15Q. 

r.oodrich. S. (;.,1 4 ; p. 224. SadUcr 1 Kxcel l,T — : p— . Venablc, «, 140; p. 107. 

H.issard, * 6; p. i.,i, St<.phciis. .4. H., "1 . .. ; p. r,8. 



-♦ ^ 

-«'. 



4-^ 



% 



( 




l 

4 

% 

t 


^^ p 


( ("3 mil) ) 1 

- ul I iMiiw 


i 




t ' 




i L ^ 


















A. Mvanccd Carpi af &n! Fr.izrr, 

which was attacked at the end. 
Vl.JllacJ.of.'l„u-r!c,ms h aJvancc 

„rrcHtcrorjjinc.00dO. 
QJ'csttimts lal.m hyrm-rrsCoffs. 

ill ,/c/:!<icmenl. to resist attacJi. 
D. i:a,IohUc,„ra., ,lctaci,c,l, to 

CovcrH.gld m„y „rnri/isl,.!n„y. 

I. Ccn.'Itn.lcsclu.t/, V,n,jua,-Jf( 
Brtni^ivicl^Clias:^enrs.iiipporlinJ 
l.iilWlfui- 

F. . 'Imt-rican position, aihroirii'd 
iil'llciilesel. 

(1. Hclrcat of JImericans. 

3 1. Dnfi.-ili position, atUf tftc adioll. 

I. J/uiisc used as l[cspilal. 



Ciil/lJilMyi ami Mmun //>• t!,/ (;zm>r,//m 



Rattle of ^cnninjtott 

AUGUST i6tl., 1777 

^mci*lcan (f ommanbi?t* 

STARK 

Strength, 1,450 Casualties, 84 

^intbh (Eommanber 

BAUM£ 

Strength, 550 Casualties, J07. 
Americans take 600 prisoners, including Tories 

Mem.— ( Thr luiltle of Benninglon resulted J-roui an attempt made by Burgoyn, to secure flour 
and other sup/'lies, -.uhich a loyalist . Major Skene, had reported to te collected at that place. The 
route from Skeneskorough to Fort EdivarJ, on l/ie Hudson river, had been so obstructed ky/elled 
timber and broken bridges, by order of (>en. Schuyler, that Burgoyne did not reach that post until 
July y>th, and his army already e.vperienced a scarcity o/ provisions. 

NiJTE>;.-lln 1I1C iilhcf August, Ll.Col. n.iume wasslarled from H^tien Kill, with 5W tncn 10 
c.iplurt the stores. (Jn the 14th he t>a.l ;i skirmish :it \an Schaik s null, where he destr.,v.-! -,„,e 
flour, .ind wrote t<. Burgovne that a rc.rre ..f fifteen to cichtern hundred men- was reponccf 1 I.- .rt 
Uennii.i;!.... \lr.,,,u hil.-; i .\,.l!-.l^, >mi!, .,n.l uilt,..ul ..r^,i-, ^■ ■ ^.■ , i; I, mm, I.. Oiare in the i.iin/er 



toikc 

(Ji, the 1,1 li... I 1> A. .M., Ll, e„;, l^iC) ulc.j.nga.j..Jc,, ,.;, .,; .j .. ..;..,,i,, Uti llMrcnvneMien^^ 

quarters with icen(orcemcnts.vi).: loo men and two Runs Heavv rain rt-tarded llu- . "lunn,, liiniNEiK 
tlie .idvanre 10 less than a mile r,n hcur. On the same day Col. Warner left Manchester for Benning- 
ton, where he halted one day, to rest the men and dry their arms and equipments. With the arrival 
of Col. Symonds, the Americans numbered nearly two thousand men. 

On the i6ih. Stark, without wailing (ur the entire command to be ready, advanced against the 
enemy. Stickney cut ntf the detachment at the bridge. Hubbard dispersed the small force in front 
of the bridge. Herrick attacked the Hrilish (irenadiers, wh'. were posted ne.ir the S.ir-itoga road, on 

the Hritish right, while Nichols turned Haume's left. , Stark. Inmscll. ascei.did lli.- f f the hill and 

stormed the breastworks. 1 i. - I m.i.h. .iln- . ■ - 1 1-.; 1 . . , , ,; 

li,-l..,.||, .<:, Ihr i:nli-h 1..- lii l.i.le.i. .— . .,im; . ... r,.',. l..,l 

f.K Ir (... 

I.I Col Hreyman arrived and .pe„e,l r.re with his i;ui.>, while the Anientai,,. widely dispersed, 
werec.llectinc the tr.>phies if ll.- •i.-l.l Ih- (.ii: ir- ..| IVevm:,"' :ir-ill.-rv ammMnilin,-,. ,md the 
timely arrival of Col. Warner with his fresh regiment. • ompleted the victory at Bennington. 

lAKKINilli'X • I'.MIIF'- o|. im .XMIRIC.W K IVI m i; I'll i.N , " fi|,. -? 

%rUool Tu.stovici: 

Anderson, ^ 62 ; p. 83. Holmes, «; 7 ; p. 126. Swinton, 1 145 ; p. 114. 

Barnes, 1 2 ; p. 123. I^ossing, 1 20 : p. 15S. .Scott, 1 16 ; p. 186. 

Berard (Bush), 1 76; p. 157. Quackenbo-, «' 338; p. 242-1. Thalheimer (Eclectici, ^ 264 , 

Goodrich, C.A.ISeaveysi,"; tg; p. 1..-7. Ridpath, « 13; p. 203. p. 151; 

Goodrich, S. G., ^ 1-7 ; p. 226 Sadlier, iPJxcelKl 2 ; p. 191. Venable, T 140: p. 117. 

Ha.ssard, 1^ 12-13 ; p. 1Q4. Stephens, A.M. * 26; p. 200. 



N.irF. —The invasion bv Hurgoync had supp'prt from a inoveinciit into Cenlral New York - ;,, 
(l;wego, under Si I.eger. against l'..rt S. huyh-r 

its object was to reach Albany by the Mohawk Valley, in the rear of the American army. The 
" B.ittle of Oriskany" was fought; General Herkimer was wounded and, the American casualties were 
nearly 400. Col Marinus WiUett held the fort, with success ; and the approach of Arnold to its relief 
induced St. Leger to give up the siege, which he began with assurance of success. General Schuyler 
planned the relief from this attack, provided for the detail of Learned and Arnold for the purpose, 
and the result vindicated his uwn expectations, and those of Washington. 

Carrinstou'! " Battles 0/ the American Revolution." pp. 3-4-5 



Rattle of ^vccmanV ^avm 

SEPTEMBER 17th, 1777 

^mnirau Commanferv^ 

MORGAN GAT£S POOR 

LIVINGSTON LEARNED ARNOLD DEARBORNE 

Strength, 3,500. Casualties, 321 

AMERICAN POSITION.— Gates succeeded Schuyler, August tgth, 1777, and established hi; 
camp, four miles north of Stillwater, and twenty-four above Albany, on the west bank of the Hudson 
river, at a point selected by Kosciusko, then Engineer in the American service. The position wa: 
strong, and adequately armed. 



|Jritl6h Cammattbct*^ 

FRASER, RIEDESEL, BITRGOYNE BALCARRAS, PHILLIPS 

HANAU, HUMPHREYS, ANSTRUTHER, HAMAGE 

JONES, KINGSTON, FORBES 

BRITISH POSITION.- As early a!t August 14th, a bridge of rifls had been thrown over the 
river at Saratoga, where (Icn. Hurgovne made his headquarters, in preparation for an advance upon 
Albany. This bridge was carried away by a rise of the Hudson, but was replaced by a bridge o( 
boats, by which, on the 13th and 14th of September, the entire British army crossed. On the 15th, 
the army moved to Dovegat iCoveville', and on the 17th, encampeil within about four miles of the 
American lines, 

NOTES. 

KiiTF I.— Skirmishing occurred between the two armies on the iSth, and en the iqlh Hiir^nyne 
advanced, in three columns, to attack the American position, Six companies of the 47th Kegiment 

Suardcd camp. The ri'^Al T'"f< "'"i" Fraser, with the 9th and a4lh Regiments, the Hritish gren.i- 
iers, the Rangers and Canadians, moved west, then south, and had a sharp skirmish near the spot 
where Fraser was killed Oct. 8th. 7/iii n'lW then moved east, toward Freeman's Farm, to aid the 
centre. The .(■/./»/•, under liurgoyne. including 63d and aoth Regiments, moved southward, and de- 
ployed westward, on the road, and waited for Fraser to complete his longer march and gain the position 
assigned him on the right, and, also, fur the left to gain its designated i>osition. The /r/l winr. under 
Phillips and Kiedesel, moved down the river bank, and then westward, to support the centre, but did 
not arrive untilit was hotly engaged. 

Note IF— The Americans early took the offensive. Upon Arnold's .idvice, Gator.ordered him to 
send .Morgan's Riflemen and Dearborne's Light Infantry from his division, to oppose thu British rifA/^ 
which attempted to turn the American /,//. The movement was timely and successful. The Cana- 
dians were driven back, and both Americans and British, during the conflict, moved cistward, until 
they took part in the general engagement, which centered about Freeman's Farm, by four o'clock in 
the afternoon, .^t this time the whole of Arnold's division was engaged with the British right wing ; 
and, as the Americans received rccnforcements, it required the timely arrival of the Hessian column, 
with artillery, to resist their impetuous assaults. 

The American /,;/>, at one time, advanced beyond the farm-house, which Earl Balcarras had forti- 
fied, and attempted t(i turn the position of the Csd Regiment. The 9th (reserve) came to its relief. 
The aoth and 63d Regiments were almost destroyed. 

No I E 11 1.— This .action left both parties worn out, for the day. The British ctmlrf, under Burgoyne, 
1 too men had half its force killed or wounded through their desperate charges, Jones' battery (four 
gunsl lost 36 out of 48 men. Sergeant Lamb says, in his Journal ; " The conflict was dreadful ; for 
four hours a constant blaze of nre was kept up, and both armies seemed determined on death or 
victory." 

The American casualties were 65 killed. 2iS wounded and 38 missing, Morgan's Riflemen were 
especially active, while the regiments of Cillery, Scammel, Hale, Van Cortland, H, B. Livin.gston, 
Cook and Latimer, with Dearborne's Light Infitntry, all of Arnold's division, vied with those of Bailey, 
■W^esson, Jackson and James Livingston, in the contest. 

Carrin'iton's "Battles of thk A.meruan Revolitiom," pp. 335-346. 

School "ftistovus : 

Anderson, «" (4 ; p. 64. Holmes, l^ o ; p 126-7. 

Barnes, * 2 ; p. 123. Lossin^, .•; -"2 ; p. 159. 

Berard I Bush 1, t 78; p. 157. Quackenbo;, •; 342 ; p. 24, 

Goodrich. C..\. (Seaveys), 5 22- P- '28. Ridpa'h *'i5; p,204. p. 152. 

Goodrich.S. 0,,1[— ; p, — . SadlierlExcell, 111-12; p. 191. Vcnable, 1 10; p. 

Hassard, 1 15 ; p. 195. Stephens. A. H., I 28 ■ p. 201. 

34 





















«- it 1* 












* ' / // r / ^ -f > > ^ ^ ^ 



/ / 






S 






/ 






"^9 « 






*- . ?- 



"5ii^ r FT 



iSmiidiiijfaiiu 













344* 



^attlp of ^cmts f)diiht0 



OCI'OBEK ;ili, 17; 



^medcnn ffiommrtnbcv$ 

MORGAN LEARNED GAT£S POOR NIXON 

DEARBORNE, ARNOLD, (Volunteer,^ LIVINGSTON, TENBROECK, 



^rttteh (f omiimubrv0 

RIEDESEL BURGOYNE ERASER 

DeHEISTER BALCARRAS ACKLAND 

NoTR I -Iturgoyiic, with provisions scarce ami army wasting, tiiatie a dcsiipr,nc effort, witii i ,500 
men and ten gi.ns, t" turn ihe American left and nain its rear. 

Note II, -( lal.-s, ,v|ually prompt, started troops, vinder Col. Brooks, to move around tlie Dritish 
right 

Nori; 111 ri,.: llrilisli lin- f.Tme.l 01, the Heiglns (see map, for details of forniationi, «as 
attacked furiously by Morgan, Learned, Poor, Dcarbone and Tenliroeok. Arnold, although relieved 
by Lincoln, who had arrived on the .-gth of September, dashed on, with his old c.uuin.ind, regardless of 

Note IV. - Ihe British artillery, which, at first, fired over the assailing column, was speedily over- 
run by the swift charge. Kraser fell, while rallying the broken line. Patterson and Glover bring up 
their columns. The Ilritish order a general retreat. Kalcarras still holds I-Veeman's Karm ; but the 
American troops sweep on, and storm the works held byBreyman. He is killed, and Arnold is wounded 
as he enters the redoubt, from the north. The regiments of Wesson and Livingston were among the 
most active in the final assault. 

Note V —The lung delayed promotion of Arnold w.as promptly made by the American Congress. 
Note VI. -The British casualties e.vcee.led 500. The American casualties were not more than 
150. Sir Francis Clark died from wounds received, and Major Ackland, also wounded, became a prisoner , 
as well as Major Williams. 

N.TP Vll.— I he British army retired to. present! Schuylersvillc, crossed the Kishkill,and carefully 
entrenched its camp, leaving their old camp on the Bth, at night. 



Carrini'.Tiin's "Haiti, I- 11 nn \-!iki> \\ l;i \ ..i.i tion," pp. 345-350. 

^thool 'iii'jtovic'i: 

Anderson, ^ ("5 ; p. S4. Holmes, ^ 9 ; p 126-7. Swinton, 1 14^ ; p. 135. 

Barnes, ^ i ; p. 124. Lossing, ^ 22 ; p. 159. Scott, ^ i3 ; p. 187. 

Berard(Bush),18o; p. 158. Quackcnbos, t 344 ; p. 246. Thalheimer (Eclecticl, ^ 

Goodrich, C..\. (Seaveys), 1 22. p. 128. Ridpath, ^ 16 ; p. 204. p. 152. 

Goodrich, S.G.,t—; p. — . Sadlier (E.icel), ^11-12; p. 191. Venable, f 19; p.109. 

Hassard, 1 iS ; p. 195. Stephens, A. H., 1 29 ; p. 201. 



Compiled and Drawn k Col. CxirrinqU 
iHt Arnold nuundcd 
if Tni:cr woiuideJ 







350* 



$utrv*cttbn* of ^iivjiouttc 

OCTOBER 17th, 1777 

^mrtncan Commuitbcve 

NIXON MORGAN GAT£S LINCOLN BROOKS 
LEARNED, DEARBORNE, GLOVER, PATTERSON, POOR 



Strcngih, 


.8.624 


Dttnrhed, 


3-875 


Sick 


6 J 2 


Absent. 


73' 


Prcscil Oct. i6tli 


13.216 


Regulars present. 


9-.093 



^riti0h Cfommaufcet*« 

BURGOYNE 

DeHEISTER, RIEDESEL, SPECHT, BALCARRAS, PHILLIPS 
]'i)rre Surrendered, 5,763. 

-N'nTli— The .Americans occupied ll..: cist b.-ink of tlie Hudson in force; published .1 liullery of 
five Kuns .ibove llu: l,ndi;e of b.aK ; cut off M retrc.it northw.ird ; Mipiilies were c.vhausted. and sur- 
rend r e.i^ued. The prisoners of war were sent 10 Cainbriilge, Mass., and Rutland, Vl., and after- 
ward, during the winter of 1778, were marched 700 miles, to Charlottsville, Va. Mad;.me Riedesel 
accompanied her hu:iband. '11, e descendants of many of the^e .soldiers survive in Virginia. 



CakRINOTOn'^ " BaTTI.KS ok THK .AMtKHAN kF.V01.1'TI<JN, " |)|i. .^4.^-355. 

School "liictovici : 

.\nderson, » fi'l ; p 84 Holme-. '' : ]■ ijr,-; Swinton, "; 150; p- 135-6, 

B.irnes, 1 1 ; p. 125. Lossing, t 22 ■ p. 159. Scott, ^ ig ; p. 187-S. 

lierarJ (nush>. *, 80; p. 158. Quackenbos. «■ 345 ; p. 148. Thalheimer (Eclectic), '. s 

('...odrich.C. A.l.Seavey6l"i23; p. 1=8. Ridpath, l^ 17 ; p. l'04. p. 152. 

Goodrich, .S. G., 1 5 ; p. 233. Sadlier 1 Excel.), 1 — : p. — . Venabic, « 19 ; p. 100. 

Ha:,sard, «: rj ; p. 195. Stcj.hens, A. H., • ,0; p. joa. 



Caytttvc of £ovH 



ClilNTON and MONTGOMERY 

(OCTOBER 6th, 1777 



(Jeu. Jaiiies Clinton Oen. lieorijn Cliuton (Ooveruor) 

MiM— (.,■,,■, r„l„„,u ■„ <,<m,„.,n.i,i/ I'reksJiili. 



VAUGHAN Sir H£NRY CLINTON tryon 

EMERICK ROBINSON TRUMBACH CAMPBELL 

\,,,^E I.— Clinton lands al Verplanck's Point. Oct slh. and semis ships to Peekskill isce map* li> 
threaten that post and draw attention from the river. A large force, in forty fiatboats, also threatened 
Fort Independence. 

N'T!-; II.— 1 'lit nam retires to high ground, to avoid being taken in rear. 

Nciif III. -On Oct. 6th, Clinton lands at Stony Point, favored by a heavy fog; leaves a strong 
rear guard, and sends two divi.sions, simultaneously to attack Forts Clinton and Montgomery. 

N"rE IV — \'aughan, with 1.200 men, and Tryon, with the 7th Regiment and 1 rumbach*s Hes- 
sians, having passed behind Dunderberg Mountain iin.ibserved, halt and t.»ke lodgment in a ravine in 
the right, and near P'ort Clinton, to give the advance column of <,oo regulars and 400 Provincials, under 
Campbell and Robinson, full time to make its detour and gain a position before Fort Montgomery. 

NiiTE v.— Governor Clinton, wlio superintended the defense of both forts, learned, on the evening 
of the 5th, that British troops were between King's Fcrrj' and Dunderberg ; and two parlies, each 
with a gun, were sent from Fort Montgomery to resist Campbell's advance. A messenger was also 
sent loadvise Pulnam of the situation. 

N.JIE VI. — The detachment, sent out,w.ns too late to seize the p.iss. and both forts were stormed, 
after a vigorous defense, which continued from five in the afternoon, until dark. 

N'"TE Vll — The .'Xmericaii casualties were about .-^oo. including 227 prisoners. General James 
Ciinttui was wounded by a bayonet, but escaped to the mountains; and General Clint»ui escaped by 

Note VI II -The British cisualties were 40 killed and i5ow..undcd. Lieut. -Col. Campbell wa» 
killed in the assault of Fort Montgomery. Count Gr.ibowski, Ai,ir-,lr-,amf of Clinton, Majors Sill 
and Grant, and Capl. Stewart, were also killed. 

Note IX. — Two frigates were burned to save their capture by the British; the boom across the 
river was destroyed ; Putnam retired to Fishkill ; and F:5opus ( Kingstonl was burned by the British, 
under \aughau, before Sir Henry Clinton returned to New York, there to learn of Burgoyne's disaster 



Carrinoton's "Battles of the American Revolution," ]ip. 355-3^2 
%rhinil lU':.ti.n'ir.5 : 

Anderson, 1 '■? ; p. 8.). Holmes, ', ~ ; \: — . Swinton,^ — ; p.—. 

Barnes, ^ — ; p. — . Lossing, 1^ 24 ; p. i-'o. Scott, t 20 ; p. 188. 

Berard (Bushi, ^ Si ; p. 15?. (Juackenbos,^— ; p. — . Thalheimer (Eclectic^, ^- 

Goodrich,(-'. A. (Se.iveysl, ^ 24; p. 128. Ridpath, ^ — ; p. — . p. — . 

Goodrich. S.G.,^ 8: p 230. Sadlier ( Exceli.l — : p.—. Venable, •( 19; p. 110. 

Hassard. •■ i": p. 195. Stephens, k. H., ^ — ; p. — . 



%-*^ 



,.'''' r 



\ . 



> .•'■' 



i * I 







x^ 



> 






JiiniipilOc'fi 



I # 



(M/l N thri 



■^nfirl?> 



^ /(i.niUu''Uifni 



Rattle df ^vmibiiwiuc 



SHl'TEMBER nth, 1777 



Jtmnncrtu (Tommattbcto 

SULLIVAN WASHINGTON Stirling 

GREENE MUHLENBERG MAXWELL WAYNE STEPHEN 

Nominal Strength, 14,000 Effective force, 11,000 Casualties, 7.S0. 

AMERICAN DISPOSITIONS, W.ishington, then in New Jersey, alike watchful of the Hud- 
son, New \i.rk Ciiv anil the larue fleet near Staten Island, quickly marched to Pennsylvania, when the 
fleet --niled southward ; left a Mifficient force to observe Clinton, passed Philadelphia, and on the 7th of 
SeptiMnber took a position .it Newport, on the east bank of Clay Creek. (See map 22, p. 49!. Max- 
wellhad previously skirmished with the British vanguard at Newark, as they advanced from Elk Creek. 
Early on the 9th, in order to foil an attempt of Howe to gain his rear and cut him off from Philadelphia, 
Washington again marched, and took a position selected by Gen, Greene, on the east bank of the 
Brandywine I'he American army formed, from Jones' Ford to Pyle's Ford, from right to left, as fol- 
lows: Stirling, Stephen, Sullivan (under Sullivanl, Wayne. Muhlenberg, WeedoD, Armstrong 1 Greene 
commandingj, and Washington, behind the centre, with a sn 



KNYPHAUSEN HOWE CORNWALLIS 

GRANT MATTHEWS GREY AGNEW STIRN 

Strength, 18,000 Casualties, 600. 

BRITISH DISPOSITIONS Howe landed at Head of Elk Creek August 25th, skirmished 
with Maxwell Sept id. threatfiie.l W.ishington's right on the «th, and on the mth reached Kennelt 
Square Sharp skirmishes -i.urred on the right, and before Chad's Ford (the centrel with American 
light troops under Porterfiel.l, Wagner and Nr-iJiwcIl, who had crossed the river for the purpose, 
; night, and by a detour of 17 miles, crossed the two forks of the Brandywii 



and Grey, in three lines, in rear of the American Army, on and before Osborne's Hill, facing 
Ihe position, hurriedly taken by Sullivan, when .idvised of the British advance 



pruirla^imntt of the ^ftiou 

Washington sent Sullivan, with llirce divisions, to occupy the hill near Birmingham Meeting House 
1 resist Howe ; put Wayne in comruand .it Chad's Fordtoopposc Knyphausen, and formed Muhlen- 
•g and Weedon's brigades, as a re,crvc, under Greene, with which lie took his own position. 



Howe and Knyphausen forced the positions they respectively threatened, afterlmuch fighting, and 

the entire army fell Kick slowly, coveretl by Washington and Greene, 10 Dilworth and Chester, without 
panic or sacrifice, reaching Chester at midnight. Howe remained on the field, in charge of the wounded 
of both armies Cornwallis reached Chester on the ijth. Washington refitted his army at Phila- 
delphia, moved up the Schuylkill, crossed at Swedes' Ford and offered Howe battle, at Westchester 
(September 15th I. Stfirms separated the armies. 

AUt't. (.IwoK^t/ie -uounded at BraKiiywim -uas La/ayeltiwiho served as a voluttit,-,- aij-dt- 
^atiip, under his commission as Major Cenerai, then just con/erred hy Congress, 



llrfcrcnrco : 



CARRINmi'N's "llATTLKs "Y I UK AMEK]e,\N K f V< ll.UTION , " p],. 368.3S1. 

iirhonl "fustotir'j; 

Anderson, "^ 50 ; p. 7 j. Holmes, ^ 10 ; p. 12S, Swinton, ^ 135 ; p, 13?. 

Barnes, 1 3 ; p. 119. Lossing, T 13 : p. 154. Scott, ^ 8 ; p. 1S2. 

Berard (BushM S8-9; p i6>-i. Qu.ickcnbos, 5 346; p. 249. Th.alheimer lEclectici, 1 263 , 

Goodrich,C.A.(Seaveysi,^ 14; p. 1=5, Ridpalh, 1 10; p. 205. P '5'; .Vo/f 2, p. 138. 

Goodrich, ,S. G., ? 3-5 ; p. 221. Sadlier, (Excel), ^ 14 ; p. 192. Venable, ^ 143 ; p. no. 

Hassard, 5 ii-i: ; p. 18S-Q, Stejihens, A,H. "T 31 ; p, 202, 




( / Cem/tiM a/it//?r/!u// liy fe/Yirmz/^/imi 



guttle of ©cvmutttown 

(JCTOBER 4ih, 1777 

^mnncan (Tommanferve 

SULLIVAN WASHINGTON greene 

KNOX, WAYNE, STEPHEN, SCOTT, ARMSTRONG 
SMALLWOOD, FORMAN, MAXWELL, NASH, MUHLENBERG 

.strenL;th, 7,000 Casualties, 1,07; 

Mbm._O>>-w^«/07«.«, sir mi/es from Philadei/'hiii, and H,-a,l,/uarters of Ilo-Me^ -!iu,s then. .,s 
,,„-!tf, „ui,niy on on.- street, net </liite siraifht, -.fhieh erossed iliejtnut Hilt, Ml. Airy, ,i,:d the hill 
„! I 7:e:r s l/ei,u; :<'ilh rr.tduuf descent In the Market House. 



iJvitieh (f 0mmaubci*0 

GREY, KNYPHAUSEN HOWE AGNEW, STIRN 

Note I.— In view of the extended distribution of Howe's army, having the left on the Schuylkill 
:ui.l thence deployed nearly p.irallel with Old School Lane, ea<it and north-east, across the main street, 
Washington attempted to strike the whole line by a combined movement of his chief divisions. His 
.,rmy was near I'cnncbccker's Mill, about 20 miles front Philadelphia. Four roads were used. The march 
began at 7 P.M., Oct. jd. The plan was for Sullivan, with Wayne .and Conway, to lead over Chestnut 
Hill into the villajje, supported by Ma.xwell and N.ash, under Stirling ; for Armstrong to threaten the 
British left ; for Greene, with Stephen and McDoug.all. to move by the Limekiln road, and strike the 
Ilritish right near the Market Place, and for Smallwood and Forman to fall into the old York road, and 
strike the extreme British ri:;ht, and rear. The advance was prompt, and the surprise promised suc- 
cess.* W.ashington accompanied Sullivan's division. Col. Musgrave, of the 40th Regiment (British) 
threw himself into the Chew House, and Knox in vain opened his light guns to dispossess the defenders. 
At Lucan's Mill a sharp action delayed the left, and a dense fog so commingled the combat.ints and 
confused operations, that prisoners taken were retaken, and the arniywas forced to retreat, but in good 
order, while Howe retired to Philadelphia. 

Note H.- American casualties were 67 j, iocludina i '.en. Nash and 400 prisoners. British casual- 
ties were 535, including Gen. Agnew. 

Note 'ill.— Count de W-rgennes, Minister 0/ Foreign A^Kairs, J'aris, s,iid. -^ Notliiiig has 
struck me so much as Gen, H'ashington s attacking and giving battle to Gen. Hoboes Army. 7'. 
t-ring troops, raised zuithin the ye.ir, to do th-'s, promises f.-erything." Louis XVL promptly coupled 
this with the Burgoyne campaign, and determined " Not only to acknowledge, but to support American 
independence." 



|lcfn*citcr$ : 



CaRRINGTo.V's " B.^TTLKs of 1111, .\.MKRIi A.N REVOLUTION," pp. 302-401. 

^chmil 'iiir^tovir.o: 

Anderson, "^ 52 ; p. So. Holmes, «:. 1 ; p. i2j Swinton, •; 137 ; p. i,;. 

Barnes, T 2 ; p. 120. Lossing. \ 17 ; p. 156. .Scott, 1[ o ; p. 182- j. 

Berard(Bushi, Iqi; p. 162. Quackenbos, ^ 348 ; p. 250. Thalheimer (Eclectic), ^263 

Goodrich,C.A.(Seaveysl,"i 16, p. 125-6. Ridpath, ^ 21 ; p. 200. p. 151, p. 158. jVote. 

Goodrich, S.G.,t 1-6; p. 234-5. Sadlicr I Exceli, 1" 15 ; p. 1113. Venable, t 144; p. 7 to. 

Hassard, * 14 ; p. 189. Stephens. -A. H., ^ 31 ; p. 202. 



(Dfictiittotte on the Jlclmimvc 



NOTES. 

NoTF I.— FORT MrFFLIN. on Mud Isl.in,!, and FORT MERCER, at Rrd Bank, with 
Chfi'au.x de/>-is,:\K I'.illings KLmkI :iiul Mud Island, and a redoubt .it Eillingsport, were the clii.-f 
ol..ilniciioni in Brili^^h r,perali<>ii> on the Delaware Kiver, near Philadelphia 

Note II.— Col. (Vreen, brave at Hunker Hill and at Quebec, commanding lort Mercer, so suc- 
ces.sfully resisted an assault, Oct. 22d, 1777, that the attacking Hessian cilumn lost <oc.nien, including 
Col Donop, the commander, and Lieut. -Col. Minnigcrode. 

Note III.— On the loth of November, 1777, fort Mifflin wa.s defended bravely, until, after a loss 
of =50 men, the remnant of the garrisiui retired t<, Fort Mercer. On the islh, Lieut.-Col. Smith and 
M.aiorFlucr>', the engineer who planned the works, were wounded. The British Ios5 was ij killed 
a. id 24Wounde.l. 

NotF IV. Col St-rlingi British I occupied Billingsport Oct. 1st, and on the 18th Cornwallis landed 
at the same point. The .\mericans thereupon abaiuloned Fort Mercer, and being unable to save their 
armed vessels, set fire to them, near Gloucester Point, and the British gained control of the river. 

N01E v.— Hon. J. W. W.allace, President of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, brought out 
clearly, in 1881, the f.act that the very man who planted the obstructions in the Delaware, deserted to 
Lord Howe, and guided his boats in their removal ; so that the ships of war which gained such unex- 
Ijected access i.i Fort MifBin, at the time of its capture, secured it by treason. 

N'OTK VI. -Among the British ships which shared in the attack upon Fort Mifflin, are to be 
recognijed the SOMERSET, the ROEBUCK and the PEARL, which look part in operalioni 
near New Yurk in 1776, as appears from maps of same. 



C^rrinc.ton's " Battles of the Amf.ruan Revolution," pp. 301-397. 

%rhool Hlfitoncs: 

Anderson, * 53-4 ; p. So-i. Holmes, 1 10 ; p 128. Swinton, 1 138 ; p. 133. 

Barnes, ^ 3 ; p. 120. Lossmj. t 16 ; p. 156. Scott, 1 10 ; p. 183. 

licrardlEush), I93; p. 162. Quackenbos, •■ 349 ; p. 251. Thalheimcr (Eclectic 1, 1 A'o/<- ,■ 

(joodrich, C.A. (Seaveysi, 1 17, p. 126. Ridpath, ^ 22 ; p. 206. p. i :,g. 

Goodrich, S. G,.«[ 8 •, p. 235. S.idlier ( F.xceli, 1 16 ; p. 193. Venable, 1 144; p. 110. 

Haisard, ^ 15 ; p. iSu,. Siephens, h. H., 1 31 ; P- -°'i- 



Pcjtv |tltilubelfilnit 



HEING AN 



\v 11 I C H R K I. A T V 1 O I H F. 

(Tumpaiiina of 1^76-8 

fv0%n i^\h lUurv U (Tvriitim 









INC 


.UDIXG ; 




Philadelphia 




GeriM.inlow.i 




VVhitemarsh, 


Metuchen Hill 


Pennebecker 


sMill, 


Pntisarove, 




Warwick, 


Yellow Springs 


Valley Forge 




Triidnifflyii, 




Westchester. 


Dilworth, 


Chester, 




Chads' Ford, 




Kennett Square, 


Wilmington, 


Newark, 




Nevv Canle, 




Elk River, 


BiUingsport, 


Red Hank, 




Haddonfield, 




Moore's Town, 


Mt. Holly, 


Slabl.nvn, 




Yardlcyville, 




Donk's Ferry, 


Hightstown, 


Brisl..!, 




Runville, 




Fort Meroer, 


Ncwiown, 


HilliiiKsixirl, 




Hillsborough 




Bordentown, 


I aoli, 
Wyommg. 



XoTk F- Wayne, with i.«^. men. ^t.ili^nrd at I',-i..li. was surprised. Sept. ,jth. 1777, thr..„gh the 
treachery of his. .Id iieiKhbf.rs ; and it was his birth-place He was in camp, near Trudrufflyn, and 
General C.rev made th- alta. I 

Note 1 1.— Wyoining is known for an Indian massacre (p 459— Carrington's Battlesi, and this 
massacre was settled (p. 475) by an expedition under Sullivan, James Clinton, Hand, Poor, and Max- 
well, who, on the 29th of July, 1779, fought the BATTLE OF CHEMUNG, near the present site 
of Elmira, New York, 



|tcfcv*cnc^ : 



(l^niramfmicnt nt fallen ^ot^t 



WINTER OF 1777.S 



\mtvmxn (f ommanbcv^ 

WASHINGTON 

r.i'npi.ui(lcr-m-<'hief 

GEEENE WAYNE MAXWELL LEARNED 

STEUBEN DeKALB HUNTINGTON McINTOSH 

CONWAY LAFAYETTE VARNUM SCOTT 

WOODFORD GLOVER WEEDON PATTERSON 

LIVINGSTON MUHLENBERG DUPORTAIL POOR 

NoTE>,— Tho encampment at Valley Forge is memorable for the great suffering which the Ameri- 
can army endured, from extreme cold, want of clothing, and insufficient food. 

The" Conway Cabal " „r scheme fi>r the removal ..f Washington from supreme command, which 
for a time had the practical endorsement of Oates and others, spent its force, and Conway returned to 
France. 

During January, i77S,a committee of Congress visited Washington, and upon full examination of 
the condition of the army, decided to give liim full support. 

On the 27lh of February, Baron Steuben arrived and took charge of tactical instruction. 

On the 4th of April, Congress authorized Washington to call upon Pennsylvania, Maryland, and 
Virginia, for 5,000 militia. 

On the 9lh,Howe was recalled to England, 

On the loth, Lafayette returned. 

On Ihe 7lh of May, news of the French alliance was received and solemnly celebrated. 

On the itth, Lafayette was cst.ablished at Barren Hill, an advance position, midway between 
Valley Forge and Philadelphia. 

On the 19th, Mifflin reported for duty ; and on the ^oth. General Charles Lee joined, upon his 
exchange for Prescott, prisoner of war. 

On the i8th of June, Clinton withdrew from Philadelphia, and the encampment at Valley F'orge 
was abandoned for that pursuit of Clinton which resulted in the battle of Monmouth. 



|lefrrcurc«s : 

Caurin(;ti)n's " Hati lks ov ihk A.mkrican Revoli;tii>n.'' pp. 406-414. 

^rhool ftiistovicoi : 

Anderson, i: 55 ; p. 81. Holmes, T 13 ; p. 130. Swinton, "j 153 ; p. 136. 

Barnes, 1 3 ; p. 1=5. Lossing, 1 1-2 ; p. i6i-2. Scott, 1 1-3 ; p. 189-90. 

Berard (Bush), t 94 ; p. 103- Quackenbos, 1; 352 ; p. 254. Thalheimer (Eclectic), ^ ; 

Goodrich, C.A.(Seaveys)T 38; p. 129. Ridpath, I' 24 ; p. 207. p. 152-3. 

Goodrich, S. G., «f 7-8 ; p. 2;?. S.jdlicr (Excel), « — ; p. — . Venable, 1 145 : p- I'l- 

Hassard, 1 1-2 ; p. 196-7. Stephens, A. H., 1 32 ; p. 2n;. 



Amcincan (Tommunbci^^ 

LAFAYETTE 

POOR POTTER McLEAN 

Strength, 2,100 Casualties, 9 

Mem —nurlng-llu s/'riiifo/ i77i.,l/:f rffralrd hicurslaiistiiil 0/ Philaciel/'Jiia i,:t,i Ih,- couniry . 
t.^ f'r^Hure suf'plies for thr £arrison^ induced Wat-hin^on tit establish an advance p.'st at Uayrcn 
IliU. 

The detachment consisted of :^,ioo picked troops, with five pieces of artillery, and was intrusted 
li) Lafayette, laeing his first independent command. 

It was a twrps of ub^ei wilioii , 1.. watch Philadelphia, and superintend outposts and skirmishing 
parti..', 1.. r.v. i; \'..". V J'..-.-': .i:M ll- a lily. 

Ann I .1 ri.i;;.i;i I I, ■ ■ uitablished his headquarters at a Stone Church, which was 
i \- a stone fence. A rockv, steep ridee, fell off to the south ; 
established, 
; ridge road. 



^titt^li (f ommanhrv^ 

CLINTON 

GRANT ERSKINE GREY 

Strength, 5,000 CasualtiL-s. 3 

British Movements. — The end of Howe'.s administration at Philadelphia was celebrated li> a 
succession of _/>/ci, closing after midniEht of the iSth of May. At 4 o'clock of the morning of the 
19th. Clinton, who had succeeded Howe, took personal command of a column of 5,000 men, and, with 
Generals Crant and Erskine, m.-idc an attempt to capture Lafayette and his command. 

General Grey was sent up the west bank of the Schuylkill with 2,00^3 men to co-operate from that 
direction. The column which .adv.anced by the Rid^e read, was halted, to give time for General 
Clinton to occupy the road froiti Germantown to Swede s Ford, and thus cut off the retreat of Lafay- 
ette to Valley Forge 

NoTF. I. -Potter's militia retired from the picket post without giving notice of the passage of 
tJrant's column, which took a road .through the wpods, undrr tile ridge, to the east. . 

Note 11.— The advance guard of General Grant gained the reSr of the American position and 
halted at the fork of the two roads leading to Matson's and Swedes fords, for the whole division to 

Not R III.— Lafayette was informed that scarlet uniforms had been seen in the woods to the rear. 
His scouts confirmed the fact that they were British, and not dragoons in similar uniforms, whom he 
cvpectcd from Valley Forge. His aaion wasnrompt. He made. a strong. demonslratioJi oif heads, of 
columns, as if in fuUiorce, so that Grant crecfincd to attack, untirtlie aftivaT oT h.s entireTjrce. 1 Kis 
delay was {at.al to Clinton s entire plan 

Note IV.— A country road ran from the church, under Barren Hill, to Matson's Ford. The Indian 
scouts, confronted by a party of British dragoons, had fallen back in a panic, but the dragoons had 
retired with equal celerity from so unusual an enemy. Lafayette directed General Poor to withdraw 
by this road, ,md to push for Matson's Ford, instead of Swede's Ford, which was nearest to Valley 
Forge, while he covered the rear 

: v.— The moveniciU ivas so prompt that the ford was gained and the river crossed with a loss 
leinen; the British losing tTiree 

: VI.— Washington, from high ground, had witnessed the British march, and fired alarm guns; 
but the wisdom, coolness, and promptness of Lafayette, which saved his command, received the 
strong endorsement of the commander-in-chief. 



of but 



|kfci*ctKc«s : 

\KRINi;Toy's ■' CATTI.ts I'F TUl- ASfERlLAN REVOL' TIOS'." ]>]>. 4'-.;-4. 

S>cliool TUstovics: 



Anderson, 1 —; p. - Holmes, t — ; p. —. 

Barnes. 1 — ; p. — . Lossing. t — : p. — ■ 

Ber.ard(Bush), 1 — ; p — . Quackenbos. 1 355; p. 255. 

Goodrich. C. A.(Seaveysi.«l— , p — . Ridpath. 1 — ; p. — . 

Goodrich, S. G., t — ; p. -, Sadlier, ( Excel), 1 — ; p. — , 

Hassard. 5 — ; p. — , Stephens, AH. ^ -; p. -. 




•3- * J~ 0--— 



i''j//!/Jile(/ a//t/ JJraif/! /Ji/^'o/ f'(7rnnfr/o/i 



Rattle of IHonmottth 

JUNE 291!., J77.S 
!3^mcvicau (Tommamlrvc. ' British (CommHnilfW 

M VSH1NGT«»N "^ r I I N T O N 

LAFAYETTE, STIRLING, GREENE >- .. » i-. « -' .-. 

LEE, WAYNE, POOR, GRAYSON CORNWALLIS 

KNOX, LIVINGSTON, VARNUM ! KNVPHAII<1FN 

MAXWELL, JACKSON, MORGAN, KNYPHAUStN 

WOODFORD, HAMILTON, ' MONCKTON 

DICKINSON, STEWART. SIMCOB 

.Strength, about 12,000 to each Army. 

Mem— /%'r Clitiliot's rfi.le from rhil,iiiel/>hi.t, sre maf. f. 49. 

American Pursuit of Clinton. — Lafayette was entrusted with the advance column, as Lee de- 
clined the coTiim,*nd, fmm opp^)^iti.^n to the movement. Its gradual reenforcement to nearly 6,000 
men, convinced I •, lli a if one-half of the army should move upon the enemy, and the senior Major- 
General be lett 1.. ' , 1, r \'. ;'! compromise his honor, Lafayette generously yielded the command, 
on condition tti It r ! i-l, in should be carried out ; and Washington pledged the support of the 

entire army. Ih : 1 .,v ,, 1. strike the British line obliquely, while it was extended for_ nearly 
twelve miles wii ;i r Wi : _ u . and, by the accumulating force of the successive American divisions, 10 
destroy or capture it, 111 u-jiail. 

British Position ana Action.— The map indicates the British camp on the night before the 
battle, with all trains judiciously parked, on the tight, so as to lead promptly toward New York, with 
the main army interposed for its protection. The Policv of Clinton was to gain New York with least 
delay and loss. 

Three subordinate and spirited skirmishes occurred, before the final battle, at which \Vashington 
look command in person. 

Note 1.— Clinton started Knyphausen for Middlctown with his baggage at daylight, and de- 
scended into the plain, beyond the east r,ivini. with the •"-'— -• ""-"--^ 



: Jint sliirtnish was between seven and eight o'clock, just east of the Wfst ravinr. 
between Dickinson's advance and Clinton's rear guard. Wayne, Jackson and Varnum soon joined. 
Asearly as 5 o'clock. Washington had been advised that Clinton was in motion, and sent orders for 
Lee to pursue, while assuring him that the army had thrown aside its packs and would follow 
promptlv. 

Note III.— The «f <.«rf j/tiVwij* was near the Court House, in which Lafayette, as well . as Butl.jr 
and Wayne, actively participated, and forced the Queen's rangers to retreat. 

Note IV. — The third skirimisk was that development of the .American troops, nearly 6,000 men, 
which, by its deploymfrit in the pl,iin and its close pressure of Clinton, compelled him to change front 
to the rear, and gi\e b.ittlc. Alrc.\-iy the American left wing had so far advanced as to overlap to the 
northward, and threaten the ravine through which Knyphausen was urging the baggage train. Lafay- 
ette, on the right, was hopeful. Varnum and (Oswald in the centre, opened their guns with effect, as 
Wayne advanced, but throu.gli a transfer of Livingston and Stewart to the right, breaking the line, 
and disconnecting the centre and left, and, a want of systematic handling by Lee himself, the whole 
army fell back, under his orders. 

Note v.— This retreat, which became confused through conflicting rumors and orders, was gen- 
eral, but not a panic. _ The tr 'ops, disappointed, and over-heated under the blazing sun, hurriedly 
passed the middle ravine, but were promptly halted by the stern command of Washington as they ap- 
proached the west ravine. Heat once established Livingston, Stewart, R.imsey, Wayne and Varnum 

across the line of \\:\:\ !, .t,,, h; while Lafayette placed in position the divisions of Stirling and 

Greene, whiJi I '. I ue,l the commander-in-chief. The repulse of Moncktonat the hedge- 

row, where h- I i .; ; and the artillery of Knov, at the right, and Stirling on the left, of 

the second line, \ ' :i W l\ ;;' > sharp Inf.intry lire, checked the effort of Clinton to force a passage. 

NOTB VI.— At night, Chilton retired behind the middle ravine.closely followed by Woodford on the 
risht, and Poor on tlie left, but, before midnight, he abandoned his camp and secured his retreat to 
New York. 

NoTisVII.— The intense heat increased the cisu.alties, and the desertions from the British army 
were nearly 2,r.30. The killed and wounded on e.ich side varied little from 3.^, 

Note \\\l. — Lee opened a disrespectful correspondence with Washington, was tried by court 
martial, was suspended for a year, and never resumed duty. Monmouth was the only action of the 
war in which he actively participated. He was sent to C:onnecticut from Boston in 1776 on recruiting 
service, thence to New York to help fortify ; thence to South Carolina, where he urged that Moultrie 
abandon his f..rt ; thence to the North, where he only embarrassed Washington, until he was out of 
the way. as a prisoner of war. As a prisoner of war, he betrayed the weak points of the -American 
resistance, to General and Admiral Howe, and, on his exchange, bitterly opposed the pursuit of 
Clinton, 

Monmouth to Brunswick, thence to Ilaverstraw on the 
headquarters at White Plain;., above New York. 



|lcfn*cnrc$: 

CaRRINGTON's "liATlLEi OF THfc A.MEKILAN REVOLUTION," pp, 4I2-445 

School 'iu.stovir.o' : 

Anderson, ^ ;:-.; ; 0..' . Holmes, T iS; p. 13',. Swinton,*" 1-7; p. 13^. 

Barnes, H;; p, i;?. Lossing, •; 4-6; p. it,. Scott, 1 6-10; p. 191-2, 

Berard(Bushl, t 98; !'■ i'4- Quackenbos,"! 5-S; p. 257, Thalheimer 1 Eclectic 1, t: 

Goodrich, C. A. (Seaveys).l 33-3; p. i-.i-2. Ridpath. "I 6-7 ; p. =io. p. 1S5. 

Goodrich, S.G., 1 4-8; p. 25$. " Sadlier lExccb.^g: p. 108. Venable, I' 146; p. 112-13. 

Hassard, «; o-ij ; p. ig.j-200. Stephens, A. H ,"i 3.6; p. l:^-*. 



•^$U0f of llcuifnivt 4- 



AUGUST 1778 



SULLIVAN 

GREENE, LIVINGSTON, HANCOCK, WEST, LAWSON, HENRY 
VARNUM, GLOVER, LAFAYETTE 

^rcnrli ^vmu aub fleet 

COUNT D'ESTAING 



PIGOT 

HUYN, BANAU, DITFORTH, SEABOTH, PRESCOTT, 

VOSBERG, SMITH, GREY, BOIT, FANNING 

Strength, 6,000. 



Ctntt0h ^bmtval$ 

HOWE BYRON 



PLAN 


OF ATTACK. 


-The 


loth of Augi 


St was s 


lected f, 


rthe 


att.ack. 


The Ameri 


cans we 


r. 


to cross fro 


n liverton, a 


Hr 


wlant 


's Ferry, and 


the Frer 


ch were 


to land on 


th 


west side 




te 


Bycr's Islar 


d. 
























Note I 


—Sullivan, w 


Uhr 


ut no 


ice to the Fr 


■nch Con 


nmander 


cros 


sed nl 


In 


ertonjuly- 


Qth. Tie 


French flee 


forced the w 


est 


indm 


ddle passages 


on thee 


ighth. A hea 




rm s 


cattered both Fren 


-h 


and Briti>h fleels, and d 


unt 


U'lis 


aing did not 


regain p 


,n unti 


the 


20th 


B 


etwecn the 


.5th a 


id 



_olh the Americans had established batteries from Parker's Hill at 

Note II.- I'he reported moveraciil of Clinton from New York, with 4,000 troops, led to a retreat, 
which began on the 26th of August. On the 29th the Americans still held Quaker Hill and Turkey 
Hill, as well as Butts' Hill. Livingston, Lawrence and Glover distinguished themselves in the 
defence, losing 67 men, and inflicting a loss of 243 upon their assailants. 

Note IIL— On the 30th one hundred vessels arrived in sight, with Clinton's division; but the 
retreat to the main landhad been effected, under the personal supervision of Lafayette, "without 
leaving behind a siiitile man, or the smallest article," as reported by Sullivan. 



|trfrvcurc«i : 

Carrinot. iN's " Batti.i-.s 'ir ihe A.mf.rican RhVcM.UTiDN." pp. 44S-456. 

School iU.stoi'iw: 

Anderson, 1 75-0; p. 87. Holmes, 1 ii); p, 134. Swinton. 1 169-170: p. 13.,. 

Barnes, 1 2 ; p. 128. Lossing. "I 7 ; p. 163. Scott. 1 11-14 ; p. 193-4. 

BerardlBushl.l loo; p. 165. gu.tckenbos, 1 ,59 ■ p. 259. Thalheimer (Eclecticl, ^ 

Goodrich.C. A.lSeaveysi.l 36, p. 132. Ridpath. T8-10 ; p. iic-ii. p. 155. 

Goodrich.S. G..I3-0; P- 242. Sadlier 1 Excel 1, 1 10 ; p. 199. Venable, ^ 147; p. 113. 
Hassard, 1 13-14 : V- =>"■ Stephens, A. H. I 8-9; p. 207. 



^ir0c of ^auaunali 

SEPTEMBER i6tli to OCTOBER olh itKo 



LINCOLN 

LAURENS, McINTOSH, HUGER, DILLON, PULASKI 

Slrcnt;th, 3,600 Casualties, 457 



JrcttcU Ctommanhn* 

Lkut.-Uiii. (01 NT CHARLES HECTOR H'ESTAING 

Strength, 6,000 Casualties, 651 

POSITION OF THE ALLIED ARMIES. -The French fleet nrrivcd off Tybee Island Sep- 
tember 8th, and anchored near the bar. (Jn the Qlh the tronps landed twelve miles below Savannah, 
and on the i6th D'Estaing summoned the garrison to surrender. General Trcvost asked and gained a 
truce of twenty-four hours, during which interval Lt.-Col. Maitland skillfully eluded the American 
outposts, and joinedj with eight huiuired excellent troops. Surrender was then declined The 
.\nieric.ui annv ininecl the French on the i^jth, and batteries were at once placed in position. 

BRITISH POSITION.— At the first intimation that a large French fleet was off the coast, 
("Jencral Trevost removed the buoys from the harbor, and put a large force of negroes at work, lo 
strengthen the post. New redoubts, made of double palmetto logs, interfilled with sand, a strong 
palisade, and a series of minor detached defences, were pushed forward with energy. Relays of men 
enabled the work to be carried on at night, as well as hy day. Capt. Moncrieff, Enginecr-in-chargc, 
has left his notes, which arc reproduced, on map. M.ajor (Iraham made a sally Sept. 24, and Major 
Mc.\rthur another on the 27th. at night, but without valuable results. 

NOTES. 

Note I. -On the ;lh of llctobcr, a battery of nine mortars, thirty-three heavy guns from the land 
sule, and sixteen frc.m the river, opened fire, and this was kept up until the8lh. Houses were burned, 
but little damage was done to the defences. It became evident that the siege would be protracted, 
and the season of the year was so dangerous that the French fleet could not remain longer on the 
coast. It was necessary to raise the siege, or storm the town. 

Note II. — The force detailed for that assault consisted of 3,500 French troops; 600 American 
regulars ; Pulaski's corps, and 250 militia ; to form two columns. 

Note III.— ticneral Dillon, of the Irish Brigade, in the French ser\-ice, was to lake the extreme 
left, and attack the horse-shoe or sailor's battery, at the 15ritish right ; D'Kstaingand Lincoln were to 
attack Spring Hill, and Pul.aski to att.ack a redoubt beyond, toward the direction of Dillon's advance, 
while Hugerand Williams were to make feint attacks, upon the east side of town, and take advantage 

NoTH IV. — The batteries maintained fire, as if preparatory to an assault in front; but by the 
desertion of the Sergeant-Major of the Charleston Grenadiers, during the night, the enemy had 
knowledge of the real plan of attack. 

Note V.— Dillon got involved in a m.arsh, and Huger could make little progress through the rice 
fields, and lost 27 men. Pulaski fell, mcrt.ally wounded, in a brave, but unsuccessful attack. 

Note VI.— The main column, which was also accompanied by Laurens and Mcintosh, forced the 
palisades and the ditch, but were met by the British Grenadiers and Glazier's Marines, whose concen- 
trated fire, for fifty-five minutes, was too heavy to be silenced. Sergeant Jasper received his death 
wound here. Bus>i and Holmes, 2d S, C. Regt., planted their colors within the redoubt, and fell in 
their defence. 

Note VII.— D'Estaing was twice wounded. The French lost 15 officers killeil and 43 wounded; 
rank and file, 163 killed and 411 wounded. 

Note VIII.— The siege of S.avannih was at an end. Prompt .atjack, when the troops landed, 
would ha\'e promised success. 



ycfrvpttccis : 



C.^rrini'.ton's "Battles of ihe American Revolution," pp. 47(1-483. 

School Tu.^stovir.Ci : 

Anderson, ^ S.i ; p. 90. Holmes, ^ 10 ; p. 141. Swinton, ^ 134-7 ; p. 141. 

Barnes, 1j 2 ; p. tjQ. Lossing, ^ ii ; p. 170-1. ' Scott, ^ 1-3 ; p. 1,6-7. 

Berard iBushl, 1 io^-6 ; p. 166-7. Quackenbos, \ 3P9 ; p. 267. Thalheimer (Eclectici, ■" 2 

Goodrich,C. A.(Seavevsi^4; p. 134. Ridpath, 1 9-10; p. 215. p. i6?. 

Goodrich. S.G.,i; j-6; p. 250. Radlier (E.\cel.l, 5 14; p. 200-1. Venable, ^ 155 ; p. ii3. 

Hassard, T 6 ■ p. 204. Stephens, A. H., T 23 ; p. 212. 



$icac of Cliavlcston 



MAY 1 2th, 1780 



WHIPPLE LINCOLN WOODFORD 

Strength, 3,000. (.'.asualties, ^76. 

Me^i. Tht schtduU f/ prisoners, which was raadt up by Major Andre, embraced tht names 
nf all male citizens. Total. i,6i8. 

AMERICAN POSITION. The g,-irnson emhrnced --•,200 regulars, and .ibout 1,000 militia, 
when Clinton crossed the .Ashley; but his'delay, for Patterson t(j join him from Savannah allowed 
Woodford to steal quietly into the city .April 7th, with 700 Vireiiii,! troops. They had made .1 march 
of 500 miles in 30 days. Commodore Whipple withdrew his ships behind a boom, and they rendered 
no service. Their guns were mounted in the city. He over-estimated the resisting capacity of Fort 
Moultrie. 



^rittoli CEommaubcr 

CLINTON 

Strength. 8,500. Casualties, 265. 

BRITISH POSITION. Clinton left New York, Dec. j6th, but storms dispersed his lieet. All 
the cavalry' and most of the artillery horses perished. Tybee Island, near Savannah, was the first 
rendezvous; but it w.is not until February nth, that the troops landed onSt. John's island, thirty miles 
below Charleston, 

They were transferred to James Island, crossed Stono .and .Ashley rivers, and established them- 
selves across the narrow neck above Charleston ■-n the 12th of March. 

NOTES, 

-Vote. I.— Admiral Arbuthnot weighed anchor March gth, leading with the Roebuck frigate, and 
passed Fort Moultrie with a loss of but 27 men. On the aoth he crossed the bar, and on the 3gth he 
landed a brigade of 500 seamen and marines at Mount Pleasant. This compelled the .Americans to 
abandon their outpost at L'Empries Point. On the 4th of May 200 seamen and marines landed on 
Sullivan Island, and Fort .Moultrie w.as surrendered. 

XoTE II.— The British broke ground on the night of April ist.at 800 yards before the American 
lines, and on the loth demanded surrender of the city. April iqth the second parallel was opened at 
450 yards, and on the 6th of May, the third parallel was established by converting 1 canal into a dry 
ditch. 

Note III.— The Americans lost by the surrender, 405 pieces of ordnance of various calibre. 
Note IV.— The map .also indicates the position of Admiral Parker's fleet. June 28th, 1776, when 
Clinton made his first attempt to capture Charleston, and the resistance at Fort Moultrie, endorsed 
by Governor Rutledge, but opposed by General Charles Lee, defeated the British attempt to capture 
Charleston. 

licfcvcnrco : 

Carri.ngto.n's "Battles uF ihe .American Rf vi>i.ution," [.[i. 4.)2-4')3. 

,^rhool ptstovics: 

Anderson, •; 89-00; p. 91. Holmes, "i 11 ; p 142. Swinlon. ^ 103-= ; p. 144. 

Barnes, 1 i ; p. 132-3. Lossing, 1 1-6; p. 174-5. Scott. 1 3-5; p. 201-2. 

Ber.iiJlBushl,^ 115; p. 169. Quackenbos, 1 371 ; p 269. Thalheimer (Eclectici, ^285; 

G lii.:h,C.A.lSeaveys),"| I3,p. 137. Ridpath, "12-3; p. 216-17. p. 163. 

G Inrh.S. G.,i[ s-6; p. 262. Sadlier I E.vcel), t 15 ; P- 2°'- Venable, t is8 ; p. 1.0 

H..-,ard, ' 1-3; p. 209-to. Stephens, A. H. 1 1-4; P-^M-'S- 






's "s 'S 







puttie of §fivitt0ltclb 

AND 

©V'^^itti^w^ fvmxx Statcu J^litub 

DllRINi; Jl,!NE, 1780 



^■^iiufvinan GammaiviXccs Bcitish Comiuandovs 

Maxwell, Stark^'A^d^ Jackson, Lee I CLINTON KNYPHAUSEN 

Webb, Dickinson. Dayton, Shreve | Sterling, Matthews, Simcoc, Stirn, Tryon 

Estimated Strength Available 7,800 Strength, 5,000 

AMERICAN POSITION, Washington held firm hold of his well protected cump near Morris- 
town, carefully guarded the pass at Chatham, and so disposed his advance posts as to be fully advised 
of British aclivily. ^A re/ereKct to i:tap 11,/. 2O-7, -vitt i>:dica!f the n-lations of Staten Island to 

" BRiTfsH'MoVEMENTS. Lieut. Oeii. Knyphausen, commanding at New York, during 
Clinton's operations against Charleston, determined to draw Washington intoa general engagement 
and seize his camp. On the 6th of June, with .Matthews, Tryon, Sterling, and 5,000 encellcnt troops, 
he crossed from Statcn Island, by a bridge of boats, to Elizabethtown Point. 

Thu inullnou, loiiduct of the American army, after a winter of great severity, and the suffering 

incid'Jiit 1 . Hit i I, (lothing, fuel, medicines and all necessaries, had inspired the opinion that a 

prompt : I 1 induce many to return to British allegiance. 

Si I II i toward Elizabethtown at daylight, but the militia were on the alert. He was 

mortalK ,> ,11 mI .1 l.\ an American sentry, and Knyphausen took his place at the front. When the sun 
haJri,eii, ih- liriti^h army not only discovered that orchards, houses and single trees were sheltering 
keen marksmen, but that the regiment of Col. F.lias Dayton was rapidly forming to resist their inarch. 
The Queen's Rangers (Simcoe'sl led the Hessian column; but instead of any friendly indications, 
there w.is opposition at every step. Connecticut Farms, seven miles beyond Elizabethtown, was 
burned, with its churth and parsonage, and the wife of Chaplain Caldwell was killed by a bullet. 

When within half a mile of Springfield, it was found, that, as Dayton fell back, he was amply sup 
ported by Ma.iwell on the bank of t"he Rahway, and that Washington was fully prepared for the 

'"'^" A stormy night, enlivened by watch fires, which blazed on ever>' hill, warned Knyphausen 
that he was surrounded by vigilant adversaries, and he retired to Staten Island. 

Clinton, returning from Charleston. re.iched Staten Island on the i/lh nf June, and he also resolved 
to strike the camp and magazines of Washington, at Morristown. Troops were embarked, ostensibly, 
to ascend the Hudson and attar-k West Point. Washington left Greene to command, behind Spring- 
field, with Maxwell. Stark and Col. Lee, and marched on the 22d eleven miles toward theHudson; but 
upon appreciating \\\z/rint of Clinton, regained his post. 

Tlie Battle tif SpringftcUl toUawed 

r;oTK I -The British advanccl >n iwomlumns :'t 5 o'clock A. M. fime tyX, with s.noo infantry, 
cavalry and 18 guns ; one column (^CUutoirsi, by the Connecticut farms Koad, and the other ( K.nyp^ 
hau^en'st, by the V.iuxhall road. 

NoTElI.-At the first bridge over the Rahway, Clinton found that Col. Angel!, with a Rhode 
Island regiment and une gun, occupied an orchard on a hill, and practically commanded the bridee. He 
at once gained hi^h ground for his own guns, bvit litidiiig their effect to be inconsiderable, forded the 
stream ; turned Angell's Position and forced him bark to the second bridge, where Colonel Shreve dis- 
puted the advance. 1 his officer lost one-fourth of his men; but found himself promptly supported by 
the brigades of Maxwell and Siaik. They took a pr.siti<m at a mill which afforded strength, and 
Greene so disposed of iJickm^on's militia as to check the British ardor. 

Nai K III.— Knyphausen's column attempted to sci/e the Chatham pass, in the rear, and thus gain 
the avenue to the ,^lor^istown camp. At Little's bridge, oa the Vauxhall road, he was met by Lee's 
cavalry, well supported by d-l. Ogden's regiment, and a brisk struggle took place for its possession. 
(Jreene iironiptly moved the regiments of Webb and Jackson, with one gun, to the Chatham pass, and 
the object of the expedition was foiled. 

Ni>rE. IV. ^Clinton burned Springfield, returned to Staten Island, removed his bridge of boats, and 
the last New Jersey campaign closed. 

Ko-i-p V -The American militia made no return of their losses. The regular troops had i^i killed 
and 61 wuundcd. The British k>s-> wa, n-t uiTicially stated, but was estimated at 15^, including 



Jkfn*ntcc«: 

C.A.RRINGTON's " B.\TTLKS iiF Tills A.MF.RIi .K.N ReVOHTIO.N," jip. 49S-502 

School 'fu.storico : 



Anderson, ^ - ; p. lo.-. Holmes, •; - ; p 

Barnes, 1 — ; p. -. 

Berardt Bush 1,1 123; p. 1-4. 

Goodrich, C. A.I Seaveysi,*"—; 

Goodrich. S. G,. 1 . p. =6s. 

Hassard, ' : ; p. 214. 



Lo-sing, ' 13: p. .73-5. 


Scott, •* II ; p. 205. 




Qn.,ckenbo,,«-^;p.-. 


1 halheimer ( Eclectic 


A 


Rl.lp.ith. * - t p. — . 


p- — ; 




S.idlier. lE-tcell,*" — ; p. — . 






Stephens, .'KH. ' —W'.-. 







(Outltur |tla|> 

nF I HI 
FROM 

pobbo Jcvvw to Jiohhill mtti |!riwlmvi^h 
(Tapiian aub O^arrittomn 

Haverstraw, where Andri- landed. Iroin British Sloofi, Vulture; 

PEEKSKILL, NORTH CASTLE & WHITE PLAINS 

Jtonu yoittt 

FORT INDEPENDENCE 

FORT CLINTON FORT MONTGOMERY 

FORT PUTNAM and WEST POINT 



Note.— Stony Poimi^ memorable, as follows: 

Tt W.1S stoimed under direction of WashinKlon, hy Wayne, Febiger, Webb, Meigs, Butler, Lf, 
Muhlenbiirg, Fleury, Knox, and Clibbon. July i6, t779. i Curyingliyn' s " /^'ar/i'rs," //. 472-474 

It was abandonedtsame, p. 474). 

It was re-occupied by Clinton :but abandonedcOct. 23, 1779}. Ca*yt»ffeoft*s ^'/?a//Us" p. 4yf 

Mem. Ai the Hudson River s,-farat,-ii Xe~.o England ffom the centra! colonies, and its ton- 
tril -.uas intended /or, ly l-oth armies, it is to ee noted, t/i.it Goziernor Iryon, both in 1777 ,i«.i' 
1779, made incMrsions into Connecticut, in Tain attempting to divert U'ashington /rom his genertii 
plans. .Ifirit 35. I777> '.uhen Fairfieli anct Danbury were visited, he "aias bravely resisted by 
Arnold, at Ridgefiela. General David Weoster va: fatally ivorinded. July ^,\Tig, Tryon visited 
^^ev.■ Haven. andontht%th and^th burned Fairf eld. meiudine 2 .kurches. i} houses and shofs. 3 
Si hool-houses. jail and CountV'House 

British exf editions, out 0/ ^.'eio VorX; int., ll\stchesl.r C.mnty, ve^-e /requer.t. 







^owpiled a»JJ/ra>e/t ij/ CW. Carr//!i/rfo/t. 



^(ittic of (Tiimbctt 01* $iittbct*'$ (frcrk 

Ai'ia;si' loiti. 17S0 
^mrviran (f ommandrv's British e'ommiintlrvo 

Porterfield, Arms^^ng,^ WilUams, G.st, | CORNWALLIS 



DeKalb, Caswell, Singleton. Stevens, ( Rawdon, Tarleton. Webster, H> 

Marquis Armand, Rutherford, Gregory ! „ «/. i j 

^ ' ' ^ •' I Bryan, McLeod 



Strength, 3,052 Casualties, 971, beside 

•"'ssing j Strength, 2,239 Casualties, 324 

AMERICAN MOVEMENTS.— The ;irmv of Gates, strengthened by that of DeKalb, left 
Hillsborough. N. C , July 27th, crossed Deep River at Buffalo Ford, and by the 3d of August, 1780, 
gained the Peedee River, rind united with Porterlicld's command. On the 7th, the North Carolina 
militia, under Caswell, joined, and on the 13th, Gates encamped at Rugely's Mills, twelve miles above 
Camden. On the 14th, Stevens joined, with 700 Virginia militia. The troops of De Kalb, i,40omen, 
Maryland and Delaware troops, accompanied him from Morristown. New Jersey, having left head- 
quarters. April 16th. 

On the islh of August, Gates ordered the army to march, at ten o'clock that night, toattack Cam- 
den, and insisted upon the order, after .\djutant-General Williams exhibited the daily Returns, show- 
in)^ that the real force wai less than half his estimate. He did not know that Cornwallis had joined 
Rawdon at Camden. 

Marquis Arm.ind, with his squadron of 60 drai^oons, led the advance, in spite of his protest against 
using nKiiintcd men tor pioneer night service, as it required perfect silence. Porterfield and .Armstrong 
were to lake the woods, on his flank, and give him full support 

BRITISH MOVEMENTS. -Cornwallis, advised ..f Gates' force and hij advance, alike in- 
tended to surprise his enemy. Upon reaching Sander's Creek, five miles from Camden, between two 
and three o'cu>ck in the morning, the advance guard of 40 cavalr\', and mounted infantry, met antl 
routed Armand's detachment. Porterfield was mortally wounded in >;iving his support, and both 
armies waited for the brea.k of day for further developiu'-iils. 

Note I —The American yj.'/ line was formed ., 1.11. .> Uicht 'Wing, under General Gist, 
with the Delaware troops of DeKalb; Centre, undi r i . t 1 il, with North Carolina militia; 

Left Wing, under General Stevens, .with raw Vir^nii i . —'-Eton's guns occupied the road. 

General Smallwood commanded the i(io«</ /•■«,- with iIm I n 1 M,ir>l.ind brigade. 

Note II.-Tha British J!r,t lint was as follows: Ki^l.i Winy., Webster, wilh jjd and ijd legi- 
ments, and three c<mipanies of light infantry. Lord Rawdon commanded the left wing, vii.: Volun- 
teers of Ireland, the Legion Infantry, Hamilton's Corps, and Bryan's Refugees, and five guns under 
McLeod. The two battalions of the 71st regiment, with two guns, formed the second line. Tarle- 
lon's dragoons remained in column, on a.....untof the thickness of the wood, to .itt as required. 

Note III -Upon crossing Sander's Creek, the .British army .enlered n|„,ii ., n..rrow bell of land, 
bordered on. each side by, an impassable swamp, while the American line, also between the swamps, 
on a widening area, would become exposed to any flank movement, unless they firmly held their 
original ground. 

Note IV — Before the action. Gates had learned from a prisoner, taken in the night skirmish, 
that Cornwallis was in command; but hesitated so long as to what was to be done, that he lost 
the opportunity for retreat to Rugely's Mills. Stevens pronounced it to be anything but right, 
and in the silence of Gates as to orders, gallantly followed the suggestion of Adjutant-General 
Williams, to attack the British right wing as it advanced, before it could gain room for full de- 
ployment. Skirmishers were ordered to take single trees for cover, and aid the movement. 

Note V — " It was calm and hazy, so that the smoke settled, until it was difficult," says 
Cornwallis, " to see the effect of a heavy and well-directed fire on both sides." He observed a 
movement on the American left, which he supposed to indicate some change in their order of 
battle. He at once precipitated Webster's regiments upon the Virginia militia, before they could 
gain the position they sought. I'hey threw down their loaded arms, and fled. The North Caro- 
Rna militia, except a smalf force under GreK0r>-..also fled. 

N(.|R VI, -The British right wing, having then broken through, next attacked the ist .\Iar>-land 
brigade, where it met firm resistance, until Tarleton's dragoons came to their support, when, over- 

*'''fe,i"Nn'[.^m''e=g;it'i^£>'le7t"^i?,g was firmly received by DeKalb. He bore down upon them 
with the bayonet, broke through their ranks, wheeled to the left, and fought, until his force was 
enveloped by the British right wini:, which turned back to charge this, suddenly, adverse tide oi 
battle. DeKalb fell, wounded in live places, still confident that victory was certainly with the 
Americans. 

Note VIII.— The rout of the militia was utter. Gates hurried to Chariotteville, sixty miles, 
and by the lotb, reached Hillsborough, one hundred and eighty miles from Camden, without 
fugitives sufficient for an escort. The Delaware regiment was almost destroyed, while the Mary- 
land troops lost more than y:>o in killed, wounded, and prisoners. Forty-one officers were killed 
or wounded. 

Note IX.— The gallantry of DeKalb's cnduct i= shown by the British casualties, which 
Cornwallis admitted to be 324. • 

Note X.— Of the missing from the .Maryland division, it is to be noted, to their credit, that 
by the 2gth , 700 had rejoined the army. 

Note XI —The British captured 7 guns, 1,000 prisoners, a.ooo muskets, and all the baggage of 
the American army. 

|lcfcvfttcc$ : 

Cakrinoton's " Battlks ok i he .Xmlki' .\m Revolution," im. JiJ-S^S- 

School ■iii.o'tovirjs : 

Anderson, «; 93 ; p. 92. Holmes, H 13 ; p. 143- ISwinton, t 4 ; P- I57. 

Barnes, ^ 2 ; p. 133- Lossing, t 9 ; p. 177. Scott. 1 7 ; p. 203. 

Berard (Bushl. 1 119; p. 170. Quackenbos, 1 277 ; p. 274-s. Thalheimer (Eclectic), t 288 ; 

Goodrich, C, A.lSeaveysll 15; p. 138. Ridpath, « 7 ; p. 218, p. 165- 

Goodrich, S. G, I 4-8; p. 264. Sadlier (Excel.), ^ r?; p. 201-2. Venable, 1 loi'; p. 121. 

Hassard, 18; p. 212. Stephens, A H, 1 6-7 ; p. 217. 

66 













Second PosfNon 

UMHfienBt kaW feimme tiCiiMS!]!^ 

V f 



iis'ii.iiujL:;— — 



Z /mif Co/. /rebsrercmmm//Yrnr/f/.!HJCfg/'! 

ri-i/ri/fxfevtf/tf^ frff/n /fntiftploripfrff. 
hi>.''a?<aua(!>iro>maKt/f<l ISi/nih hcftWlKlf 
tKfriMn(f frem rmitio aitif/tefsieamp. 
Secom/ /'ffs/nev //iimr H/A'iM ImtiXl l»n/a^i 
aeMriiisAle/iiringMrilis/itar/iJiHer/rati 



Cmp/fnt a/M PrauvOf Po/Carri/t^fon. 



^tnolti at Itctctsbmii 



APRIL 25th, 1781 



NoTR<;. — Benedict Arnold, havinga force of 1,553 nicn, sailed to City Point (see map page>, and on 

the 25th marched to Petersburg, arriving at 10 o'clock. (leneraU Steiibeiiaiul Muhlenbcrgwere :it the 
post with about 1,000 militia. They advanced to a jstroiig position before Brandon (Bradford) which com- 
pelled ihe Queen's Rangers and Rifles to make a long detour to cut off their retreat and gain Peters- 
burg. Steuben fell back to cover Petersburg; Viul being unable tn meet the opposing superior force, in 
action, rci;rosscd the Appomattox River, with a loss of only twenty men. A third position was taken 
on Baker's Hill, which Arnold did not venture to assail. 

Arnold claims that " he did not pursue because the enemy took vip the bridge." and that he des- 
troyed four thousand hogsheads of tobacco, one ship and a number of small vessels on the stockb and 
in the river. 



CARKINC.TON's "liAlTlKS (.1 TUl- AM1.K1LAN ReV. ILITION," pp. 569-590. 



Avnoltr at Uichmoitb 

jAXfAKV 51 h, 1780 



NnTP<;.— BENEDICT ARNOLD, appointed Brigaditr General in the nritish anny, as pay for 
tre.nsc.n, led New V.irli IHcenil.er i<), 1780, with -.ixteen hiiniircd men for Virginia. Lieut. Col. Sim- 
<<..-■ (yueen'<. Ranker.. 1. and Lieut. Col. Dundas, i8th Regiment (Scotch), belonged to his command. 

A gale separated the ships ; but on the 31st he transferred 1,200 men to small vessels and moved up 
James River. On the 3d of January, at night, Simcoe landed at Homl's Point, to spike a snuill bat- 
tery, and on the 4th the expedition landed at Westover, nearly twenty-five miles below Richmond, .and 
marched immediately to that city. 

On the 5th, Arnold entered Richmond; Sim<:oe dislodged a small force of two hundred militia 
whitli Col. John Nichols had assembled on Richmond Hill ; and some mounted men on Shoer s Hill 
quickly retired. A foundry, laboratory and some shops were burned at Westhatn, nearly seven miles 
above Richmond, as well as some ptiblic records which had been taken there for safety. A proposition 
sent to Governor Jefferson, dictating terms upon which the buildings might be saved, for the privilege 
of quietly taking away the tobacco, \v.as rejected ; and, burning as many houses as time permitted, 
Arnold retired without loss. 

Five bra>s guns, three hundred stand of arms foMiul in the loft of the capitol, and in a wagon. 
with a few quartermaster's stores, constituted the chief articles of capture. 



|lcfcvcttrc6 : 

t'M;RlN<;TON's "liAnLKs or 'iin-. .-Xmekican Revch.ution," ]>]>. 54^-9 










(bm/u/e//w7uJ>/TM7ri!f (iV &rnm//in 



1 



•>^ attic of Cmuvett0^ 



JANUARY 7tli, 17S1 



^mrrtrau (Tommaubci^e 

MORGAN 

COL. WASHINGTON. HOWARD. McDOWELL. PICKENS. 

CUNNINGHAM. BEATTY. TRIPLETT. McCALL. 

.'^irrii'^th, t,j5o I 'asualtirs, 72. 

AMERICAN FORMATION. The battle was fought ne.ar Bro.i.i River, about two mile-s snuth 
of the North Caroiin.i boundary hue, on ground used for pasture, and famiharly known as Cow Pens, 
ISroad River wound around .Morgan's left, and was parallel with his rear, and the position was selected 
by !ii;n, t • 1 re, cut rcire.it .in<l ( -mpel lus men to light. An open woodland sloped to the front, which 

M 1 !' , t \s ilh the regular troops. Eeatty's Georgians, i^o men, held the right, 

I M J ii! 1 ■ \; ; I, . Iijkl the centre. The Maryland battalion, 300 men, held the left. Lieut. 

(J H . , .il r , ., , 1 I 1 ■ i i:,i . I I'ickens held a line of 270 men, in open order, about 150 yards in 

adv.iu.-e of the hill, uhile Maj-r Cunningham, of Georgia, and Major McDowell, of South Carolina, 
were posted at an equal farther advance, with 150 picked sharp-shooters, under orders to take the cover 
of trees, fire only at short range, and fall bick, firing, .as they could still find cover. 

Pickens was ordered to reserve fire until the enemy came within fifty y.ards, and after two vnlk-ys, to 
retire t.i the left of the regulars: but, if charged by cav.alry, only one man in three must take part in 
the volley, while the rest should reserve their fire until the actual charge, or the troopers should turn 
back. 

The reRul.ars were advised of these orders, and instructed, if they were forced from their first posi- 
tion, to re-form i>n the nc.\i hill, and be prepared to face about and renew the attack. Col. Washington's 
cav.alry and C .1, McCalls mnunte.l men were out of sight, in the rear of the hill, 

BRITISH FORMATION. Tarleton made liis advance at seven o'clock in the morning, with 
force well worn from hard marching, but under advices that a large force of militia was on the way to 
join .Morgan. Jlragoons on each flank, and in rear, supported the infantry, as designated on the map, 
and two guns opened fire from the intei^als between battalions. The 71st Regiment formed, slightly in 
the rear, as a reser^•e. 

Note I.— 1 he sharp-shooters closely obcveil orders, and finally retreated around the American left 
for re-formation in the lear and to the right. One detachment of dragoons pursued them, ,is 
if they were fudlives. 

Note II.' — The British guns are moved to the front, but the resistance of the main line is so obsti- 
nate that, Tarleton, with the ytstand two hundred dragoons, takes pan in the charge, Howard throws 
back his right wing, and this is at first taken for an order to retreat. Morgan promptly orders the 
troops to face about, deliver lire, and charge with the bayonet. The British were within thirty yards. 

Note III.— Meanwhile the American cavalry move around by the left of the hill andattack the 
flank and rear of thetroops which had pursued the retiring militia. The latter gain their assigned 
position, andare alre.idy ascending the hill to assist Morgan. (See mapi. 

Note IV.— Nearly every British gunner had been killed or wounded at his gun, Pickens' militia 
attack the 7tst Regiment bv the flank, as they ascen.l the hill, and the whole force is at the mercy of 
the cro,s-nre of the American detachments 

Note V. — Tarleton escaped with forty troopers ; received a sword cut from Washington, who wa-s 
alto wounded in the knee, and the rest of the command surrendered. 

Ni>rE VI —Tw. standards, thirty-five w.igons. one hundred horses, eight hundred muskets, two 
cannon and six hundred prisoners, were trophies of the action. 

The British lost in killed and wounded. 120 officers and men. 



ilcfcrcticc«i 



CarringT'in's " Battlk- i>v riiF. .\.\ieric.\n kf volution," pp. 540-547. 
school "Iti.Stoviri : 

Anderson, 1 104 ; p, gi Holmes, "I 6 ; p, 155. Swinton, t 7 ; p. 158, 

Barnes, ^ i ; p, 137. Lossing, ^ 4 : p. ts2. Scott, f 5 ; P 210-ir. 

BerardlKushl, 1 139; p. 173, Quackenbos,! 3!!?; p. 284--,, Thalheimer lEclecticl, t 280 , 

Goodrich. C.A.iSeaveysi,5 24; P- 141. Ridpalh. "T o ; p. 22,. p, 165 ; 

Goodrich. S. G.. 1 ,1- ; p, 272, Sadlier. . E.Nceli, 1 18 ; p. 203. Venable, ^ 166 ; p, 1.;, 

Hassard, 1 10 ; p. 219-20 Stephens, A.H. 1 6-7; p 223-4 










'<> 



3 /%^"^^i?^^^«'S-i#£^'^^-^/^^ . " 



;-^l ..xr^b:^ft:!i^^^;S:^ 



-1^ 



^---=^^i.^; 



_--3l. 






-%- 















tr 









""" ^ „— fe^-'-rr.'i;*: 



\=^_-(i,mJti7a/<m<^J)ranTriv(o/.Carrmffton 



COfinutione in ^outhcvn $tati?$ 

Rtfereitcfs : — " Carringlon's liattles of the American Revolution." 

Brier Creek Mar. 3, 1 779 464 

Camden Aug. 16, 1780 513 

King's Mountain Oct. 7, 178 • 520 

Blackstock Nov. 20, 1780 5=2 

'Cowpens Jan. 17, 1781 542 

Guilford Court House M.ir. 15, 1781 536 

Hobkirk's Hill Apr. 25, 1781 571 

Kutaw Springs Sepi f. 17S1 57S 

Jamestown July9,i78i ...,,.,. 607 

Savannah , by American and French troops 477 

Charleston by British troops 496 

Augn^ia by American troops 52 • 

Ninety Six by American troops 574 

Vorktown by American and French troops 631 

llltitov (D^icvrttiuuo 

Moore's Creek Bridge, Va Dec. 9. 1775 ,74 

Quinton's Bridge, Va Mar. 18,1778 405 

Tatn.il's Plantation, S.C Nov. 37, 1778 (Savann.nh taken) 460 

Beaufort, S. C Feb. 3, 1779 (A sharp action) 464 

Kettle Creek. Ga Feb. 14, 1779 (Tories routed ^y Pickens and Dooley) 464 

Stono Kerr)', S. C Apr. 20, 1779 465 

Waxhaw Creek, S. C May 29, 1780 (no quarter given) 497 

Ramseur's Mills, S, C June 20, i7So(sharp aclioni 498 

Williamson's Plantation, S.C Julyi2,i78o 507 

Rocky Mount, S. C July 30, 1780 (a bold assault) 507 

Rocky Mount, S. C Aug. i, 1780 (skirmish) 507 

Hanging Rock, S. C Aug. 6, 1780 (a formal action) 508 

Note.— .■) «</;-,"c. Jackion, a/ttr-wa,;/ !'r,si,ie,i!, U'us a drummer-Ur in this batllf jog 

The Wataree, S. C .\ug. J5, 1780 la surprise) 511 

Fishing Creek, S. C Aug. 18, 1780 (a surprise) 512 

Musgrove's Mills, S.C Au-, iS, i7,So.. 518 

Wahab's Plantation, S.C Sep. 20. 17S0 518 

Charlotte, N. C Sep. 26, 1780 519 

Fi.h Dam Ford. S. C Nov. 9. .780 521 

Blackstock's Plantation, S. C Nov. 2 -,. 1780 (a sharp action) 522 

Ch.trlesCityC. H., Va Jan. 8.1781 '. 540 

McGowan's Ford, N. C Feb. j, J781 551 

.A.llamance Creek Feb. 25, ,781 (no tjuarten 554 

Wctzell's Mills, N.C Mar. 6, 1781 (a spirited action) 555 

Petersburg, Va Apr. 25. 1781 58.1 

Brandon, Va Apr. 25, 17S1 589 

Osborne, 'Va Apr. 27, 1781 590 

Williamsburg, Va June j«, 1 781. (a iharp action) 604 

Qui.iby Bridge, S. C July 17. .7:1 575 

Monk's Corner, S. C ...July 17, 175. 575 

Dorchester, S. C July 17, i;8t 575 

Gloucester, Va October, 1781 , 636 



gitttlr 0f ©utlf;^rh Court ijoit^c 

MARCH 15th, 1781 
^mrricau tf ommaurtrio ^Iriti.sU (I'ommamUrs 

GREENE CORNWALLIS 

Butler, Eaton, Ford, Col. Washington, 
Gunby. Kirkwood, Singleton, Williams, 
Huger, Stevens, Lee, Lynch, Hewes 



Strength, 4,404 



, O'Hara, Leslie, Norton. Tarleton 
McLcod, Howard 



Strength, 1.800 Casualtie 



^sn.— TIi,' iiiovemetits 0/ Ihf Iw,} ctrMus had been smli .that Greene selected GuiiJ'orii Court 
H,Mis,\ for ai: issue ti'il/t (.ornwaltis. and Cortiwnllis, as deliberately, resolved to attaJt tlie Ameri- 
can army, '.ohcicvcr it offered battle. 

AMERICAN FORMATION.-Thc/rj/ //«,-, 1,060 men (see map), was formed in the edge of 
woods, behind open ground, under cover of fences From this point, the surface, quite thickly 
woiidei, i;radu.illy ascended to the Court House, with hills on either side. Singleton placed his two 
guns on the road. Lynch's Killcs (200 mem, Kirkwood's Delawares (80 men), and Washington's Dra- 
goiiri,, held the e^ttreine r,i:ht, to threaten the British /,// . while Lee's horse and the infantry of the 
Legion, with Campbell's Killcs, held ihe/.y/, to threaten the Urilish right. 

TW second litic, i,i2)men (see map), was posted, 300 yards in the rear, with .1 few veterans, hr- 
hiiid the line, to keep them up to duty. 

The //;/.</ //•«■, 1,40. regul.irs, near the Court House, well posted, i.iclu.le.l Ounliy's veteran re..,,- 
ment ; but that of Ford, on the extreme left, was of new levies. 

The map gives the divisions, by brigades 

BRITISH FORMATION.— A'/>/'(/ iving. Bose (Hessiani, and 71st regiment, with Leslie, 
commanding; ist Guards I Norlonl in rcscrv'e. Left iving. aid and 33d regiments, under Webster ; 
ad Guards (General D'Haral and Grenadiers in reserie. The Yagers and Light Infantry, to the left 
of the ro.id, supported McLeod's guns. Tarleton's dragoons were in column, on the road, at the rear, 
to act as ordered. 

Preliininary Sklrmish.-T.ee .iiul Campbell were sent "iit by Greene, e.irly in the morning, t.. 
feel the advaiiLiiig encnry. J,, this skirmish. Captain Goodrick, of the British Guards, was killed, 
and nearly thirty of the Yagers and Dragoons were killed, or wounded. The Americans lost as 

Bx)Uulapntont af the Battlo 

N.iir I —As appears from ihe m.ip, the Amerit.oi //->/, or advance line, over-l;ii,pea and at- 
tem|,le.l I., n.i.ik, th.- I;ruish line. 

NoTF II. — Cornwallis urged the troops forward, in order to give full effect to their discipline; 
and rapidly combined the whole force in one line, which thereby equalled the American front. Lieul, 
O'Hara wis killed at his guns, and the American wings delivered a hoi fire; but the militia, in the .enter, 
cave way, in confusion, and Singleton took his guns to the rear, in their flight 

NoiE III. -The American ?./( gains a wooded hill and holds the pursuing British right wing, 
to a separate, sharp engagement. 'The American right falls b.ack in good order to the second line. 

Not 1! IV. -The second American line, resists bravely, but yields to pressure, and is put to flight, 
while Washinglon and Kirkwood, fall back in good order, to the reserves. 

Note V. — At this stage of the action, the British assume, that success isno longer in doubt, and, 
that their entire progress, is to be unresisted. While the 71st regiment halts ill the woods, to await a 
report from the rest of the right wing, which is engaged on the wooded hill, with Lee and Campbell, 
the ^.-31! regiment halts, also. The exlreuie left wing was pushed directly for the American reserves, 
wliile the ad Guards and lirenadicrs. in like manner, moved impetuously to the front, without waiting 
for other support. 

N<.rK VT -Gunby, and the left wing of Huger's brigade, meet the British left wing, with the 
b.avonet. and drive them over a r.ivine to the west, where thev remain, for a while, out of action. 

Note VII. -The attack of the ad Guards and Grenadiers was a surprise to Colonel Willi.ams. of 
the American left wing, and both guns, which had been withdrawn to this point, were captured. 
Gunby. and. after bis f5',. Lt. Col. I Pmard, wheels the ist Maryland, .ipplies the bayonet, regains the 
gvins. and rejiulses the auaik Washington's dragoons charge upon the disordered (.hiards. .Stewart is 
killed. Gen. f>'Hara is wounded, but rallies the Guards, and brings the a3d and 71st regiments into action. 
To cover their advance, the guns of McLeod are placed upon a knoll, near the wood, which Singleton 
sheuld have occufied in his retreat, and Cornwallis pours fire into the American line, at risk to h' 



wr... troops, which are not wholly disengaged fron. *..^ ^^...^..^a.. ..-..««.,. 

Note VI II. -When Gunby wheeled upon the Guards, the British left, under Webster, re-crossed 
the ravine and joined the main body 

NurE IX.— Tarleton had dispersed Lee's horse, and with Bose's regiment and the ist Guards, 
takes part in the action. 1 he American left wing ., ,0 envhelmed, and Greene withdraws his army in 
goo.i or-ler. to Troublesome Creek, iintl. 1 <.,.•( i n.l Green's regiment, which had remained 
nearly intact during the action. Cornwalli- rr,,^ .'■ Omington, N. C, 

Wv-^x. ^Tarleton savs : '-If the .-imer . ,. ,1 fre-occuJ>ied the small hill by the road- 

si.lc. th,- -^yi and 7 li/ 'could not ha-.e »;.-.• : . .- ' -.irds : and the result -Mould ha--e been 
fatal I., the army c/ Cornvjaliis." 



Carringtiin's "Battles of the American Revolution," p|i. 5?6-565. 

i>rhciol 'iU.otovir.s: 



Anderson. •" 107 ; p. q^;. 


Holmes. «[ 8 ; p, 154-.^ 


Swinton, ^ ; p. 15 


Barnes. • 2 ; p. ii5. 


Lossing. •; t-, ; p. i8i-4. 


Scott, ^ 7; p. 212. 


Berard(Bushl,1 13.; p. 174. 


Quackenbos. «i 393; p. 2S5-7. 


Thalheimer (Eclect 


Goodrich. C.A.(Se.aveys)^a6; p. 14 


2. Ridpath. «i 10; p. 223-4. 


p. 166. 


Goodrich. S. G., 1 8 ; p. 573. 


Sadlier (F.xcel.t, ^ 21; p. 205. 


Venable,^,6.-.; p.. 


Hassard, ^ 14 ; p. 221. 


Stephens. A. H, l 10; p. 225 









Ccmpiled an J Drawn hy Col/^ammjlon. 



guttle of DobUivU ^ill 



APRIL 25lh, 1781 



3^mcvicim (Eominanrtrvs ^viti&h tfommaudcv 

Col. Washingto^.^'wrnfams, Campbell, > l-ORD FRANCIS RAW 

Gunby, Ford, Hewes, Reade, Kirkwood, , Campbell Robertsoi 



Strength, 1.446 Casualties, 271 j Strength, 950 Casualties, 258 

AMERICAN POSITION.— General Greene advanced 10 Log Town, Mithin .1 short distance of 
Camden. .April lyth, lor the purpose ol enticing Kawdon to an action; but failing in this, and being 
,00 feeble to attack the post, he withdrew to Hohkirk Hill on the 2^th. Upon a previous rumor, that 
Lieut -Colonel Webster uas ou his way to reenlorce Lord Rawdon, he had sent Colonel Carrington, 
with the artillery and baggage, back to Riigely's Mills. That officei had marched eight miles, when 
recalled but did not regain camp until after g o'clock of the 25th. Greene had sent orders for Marion 
to join him; hut Kawdon, having learned from a deserter, of this order, and that the artillery had been 
sent to the rear, resolved to surprise the camp, without dcl.iy. , • , „ 

Hobkirk Hill is a narrow sand ridge, separating the head springs of small streams which How to 
the Wateree and Pine Tree Creek. It was then thickly wooded, and abrupt, toward Camden. Woods 
also extended as far as Log Town, from which place, to Camden, the timber had been cleared, to pre- 
vent its use as cover for an approach to the post. 

The .American troops were at breakfast, when tlu 

""AMERICAN FORMATION.— The dclachmi 
oi..>.d "ood soldiers, and he depen.l-d iip-n th-T-. full' 
(,i, ,,,,!.. II and Hewes. The left >v >, r -l- r \'. ' 
I li- ihri-e guns, on their arrival, "' " i" ' '■'■''■ 
1 , ,.|. -I their ranks after one disch.o ,. . ::■. . 1, 
. I i:,.' enemy were broken. The .No.il, L.00,0, 
,, .;.' Inthe belief that the assault would b. 
1:1: 10 wheel toward the advancing column, at 
\V t liingtcm was to move toward Log Town at 
small picket was also advanced a mile beyoml il,^ 1., 
Morgan 

BRITISH MOVEMENTS.— Rawdon pLiccd the post in charge of convalescents, and s.) closely 
followed the line of swamp, to ihc eastward, iu his march, that he gained the woods, unperceivcd by 
the •\raericans, until he met their pickets. A lively skirmish, first warned Greene of the movement, 
and led to the formation adopted. This route of march, however, carried the British troops to the 
left of the .Xmerican lines, where the approach w.-<s easier, and the position less defensible. 

Ihe British troops formed, with the Sixty-third Regiment, the New York Volunteers and the 
King's Americans, as a first line, supported by the volunteers of Ireland and Captain Robertson's 
regiment, with the South Carolina regiment and fifty dragoons, as a reserve, 

I ord Rawdon increased his front by the supports and reserves, as he advanced, to prevent the 
threatened movement upon his flank, and the action became general. The British line, thus hastily 
formed as it advanced, began to give w ay under the pressure 01 the .\mericans, who began to descend 
the hillUs had been directed, in the plan of the battle. . , ., 

I ieut -Colonel Ford fell, severely wounded, and his men halted. Captain Beattie, on the right 
of Guuby's regiment, was mortally wounded As the British pressed into the gap. Colonel Gunby 
m.ide the grave mistake, of retiring the other companies, to reform the regiment This gave the 
impressi.mof retreat, and the Second Maryland Regiment fell back. Both rallied; but it was too 
1 ite The British troops gained the summit," silenced the guns, and the retreat became general, 

'Meanwhile Colonel Washington had made his detour, taken paroles from wounaed officers in the 
woods, gained some prisoners, and returned, to find the battle at an end. . , ,, . , . 

The Americans saved their guns, whiJi the British overlooked in their brief pursuit. Lord 
Rawdon states, that "the enemy's cavalry being superior to the British, their dragoons could not 
risk much," "and he would not suffer the infantry to break their order, for any benefit, that might be 
exnected from a pursuit of the fugitives." 

General Greene retired to Rugely's Mills, Lord Rawdon fell back to Cimden. 



alarm « as gi 


XII, of ihe approauh of the British 


nts of reguln 
V Hiiv-r 1. 


r troops, then whh Greene, had 
nk the right, with the regiments of 
the regiments of Gunby a.ui lord. 


^r£;:::'' 


Ic-rs fur the supporting r'jcimciu-^ 
..rvetheir own fire untd the r.mks 

under Colonel Reade, formed the 
rorit, orders were also given for the 
_■ a destructive cross-fire. Colonel 

Kawdon's forces in the rear. A 
nil, under Kirkwood, Benson and 



llcfcvcurco: 

CaRRIKi-.TON'^ "BATTIts OF THE AmKRIl.\N RkVciMTION," pp. 566-576. 

School 'iU.'jtoviC'i: 

Anderson, f loS ; p. u> . Holmes, 1 u ; p, iss. Swinton. •; .0 ; p. i.-.S. 

Barnes 1 — • p. — . Losslng. 1 T, p. 184. Scott, 1 7 : P- 212- . 

Berard(Bushl,1i32; p, 174-;. Quackenbos, 1 ,95 ; p. j.99. Thalheimer (Eclectici, 1 

Goodrich.C.A,(Seaveysl,'i7,P- "43. Ridpath * ii ; p 224. P- -■ 

Goodrich. S.G.,f ^; p. 273. SadheriF.xce 1,1 -;p.-. \ enable, ' .c6 ; p. .27. 

Hassard, 1 17 ; P- --■■ Stephen-, A H. "^ ri; p.:i25-. 



>i.l' I l.Mlil K oili, 1701 

sVmrviran (!'omman(Uv,5 tlritisli tfommandcvs 



STUART 





Strtn 


Eth, 3 


000 C 


asualt 


es 


693 




h 


stedhi-,: 

700 Cunt 

Ihe Sar 

arclicd U 


tee Ri 
attack 


heHig 
troops 

the Br 


h Hills 
rem Nc 
en mile 
itish fo 


.f 

rth 
fr 


he San 
Carol 
Dm En 
at Eu 


tee 


f 


our small 


battali 


ons of n 


ilitia, t 


vo 


of No 


th 



GREENE 
Sumner, Lee, Col. Washington. Henders 

Marion, Kirkwood. Hampton, Ash, , „ ., • v, , 
Campbell, Armstrong, Pickens, Blount ■ Coffin. Majonbanks 
Sweet. Williams, Malmady, Brown | 

Strength, 2.400 Casualties, 408 

AMERICAN SITUATION— llencr.il Gre 
{see map p, 73-3), was juined by General Sumnei 
and on .Sept. 7th, encamped at FSurdell's I'lantat 
Springs. .\t 4 o'clock, A. M., September 8lh, Gn 
Springs. 

AMERICAN FORMATION.— "Kront lin 
and two of South Carolina." Marion commanded the r/^/it wing, Pickens, the /<!/c wing, Colo: 
Malmady, the centre, with North Carolina militia, and two 3-pounders under Lieutenant Gain 
The .uxo::^ line consisted of three small brigades of Continental troops of North Carolina, Virgin 
and Maryland respectively, commanded by General Sumner, Colonel Campbell, and Colonel WiUiai 
Captain Brown served two 6- pounders, on the road. Kirkwood's Delaware troops formed the reser 
Lieut.ColoncI Lee covered the right flank with his Legion horse, and Colonel Henderson, with ihe 
Slate troops, covered the left. 

BRITISH SITUATION.— Smart succeeded Rawdon in command at the South, with H. ad- 
quarters at Orangeburg, but fell b.ack 40 miles, to Kutaw Springs, upon information that Lee, M.irh.ri, 
and Pickens, were concentrating their forces, under Greene. At 6 o clock, A.M., September 8ih, two 
deserters reported the situalinn of the American camp. The report was not credited. Major Coflin 
had been previously sent forward, with iso men, to recoiufitre. A detachment from the British 
" Buffs," and their flanking battalions, had been sent out verv early, as usual, to dig sweet potatoes, as 
they were plentiful, and bre.-.d was scarce, and no mills were near for grinding corn. 

BRITISH FORMATION— Stu in f rn.rl ln,i:n.- in ,. ;i.<nceof his tents, and with the pur- 
' ' ' '1 Oil. The light was toward Kutaw 

■d from sight. The 3d regiment 

wing proper, with the American 

I and ^)4th regiments on the if/t^ 

\ -,:,,,:. i:,:.,:ilrv ■!' ,1.01, 1 .Hih. ■ .nstitiiled a small reserve, covering 

rii.id ; while Major Shcri. Ian, with some New York 
ecrs, occupied a ilisaded garden, which ultimately proved nearly as 

service.ible as ditl the ■ ■ of Germantown. 1 hree guns "were distributed 

through the line." The li.-l.i, r. npi-; • .. ■ a, armies, was well wooded. 

NOTES. 

Nt>rE I, — Cnffin met ihc Antericaii .-uivance ciiard, nearly four miles from camp, anti was driven in 
with A lo^is (.f ^'>men. The "rooting parlies,'' unarmed as they were, came in, much demoralized, 
leaving many prisoners in the hands of the Americans. 

NoiE II. — Artillery firing began at 9 o'clock, with vigor, until one British piece and two American 
pieces were dismounted. 

KoTE III.- * The British left vini;,* says Stuart, " bv ^-me unknown mistalvC, a<^7-a».yU\ and 
drove the North Carolina militia before them, but iinexpecie<Uy finding the Virginia and_ Maryland 
line ready f'»rn)ed. and at the same limc receiving a heavy tire, -niasiotied snme confusion." 

Note IV.— The North Carolina militia hud fired seventeen rounds before retiring ; and Sumner 
sent his brigade so promptly to their stippori, that the British yielded. They renewed the attack, 
when suppc'ried by the reserve; but the American reserve was pushed forward by Greene, and a 
bayonet charge, by Williams, broke the line. 

Note V. — A sharp skirmish occurred at the right, where Majoribanks was posted. Colonel Hen- 
derson was wounded, and Lieut. -Colonel Wade Hampton succeeded to command of the cavalry on the 
American left. Washington and Kirkwood united in the attack. The thicket was so dense iliat 
\Vashington and 40 men were taken jinsoners, and Majoril>anks retired to the palisades of the 
garden. 

Note VI.— Lee entered the British camp from its left, and British fell back, to reform, oblii^uely, 
before the house. 

Note VII.— Many American troops began to plunder the tents. 

Ni>te VIII. — Greene brought up his artillery, and attempted to restore order, and break the pali- 
sade defences ; but his gunners were shot down by fire from the windows (a house of three stories, as 
Greene reports), and leaving his guns, rather that sacrifice the men, he retired to Burdell's Plan- 

Note IX.— The f^3a and 64th British, had served during the war, from the landing on Statcn 
IsUt.d.ini779- 

Note X.— On the night of thcoih, Stuart retired to Monk's Cnrner, broke up, and threw in the 
river. 1. 000 stand of arms, and left 70 wounded men to the care of ' 

Me.m —TAis was the last formal ingas,mf>it at the South. 



|lcfci*cucc0 : 



Carrington-'s "Rattlis fir im .Vmiricw R|.\-oi.ution-." j.p. 577-584. 

School 'iii.stovir.s: 

Anderson, ^ log ; p. 9^ Holmes. ^ 11 ; p. 156. Swinton, t 12 : p. 158. 

Barnes, 1 s ; p. 138. Lossing, ^ 11 : p. nis-6. Scott, ^ 11 ; p. 214. 

Berard iBushl, 1 — ; p.—. Quackenbos, f 399; p. 292-3. Thalheimer (Eclecticl, ^ 191 

Goodrich, C. A. (Seaveysl.^ »S: p 143. Ridpath. t 14 : p. 224. p, 166 ; 

Goodrich, S. G. ^ 11 ; p. 27< Sadlier. lExcel), i" 22 • p. 205. Venable. « 166 ■. p 1.- 

Hassard. t 18 ; p. 222. Stephens, A H. *< 14; p 226-7. 

7S 




" ill 1 1 ' t — IS ^ $ ^ ^ 

. Mil 1 '^l '1 ' oI'tIs-ccI 

/ , 1 '1 ^1 l'^ , Ol ' ,% . M_ s 

I 




'-11 1'lf^f' IJ^Tt'lH 




(i)|icvatia«0 in Chc^atieahi^ gag 



THEIR SIGNIFICANCE 



From 1776, Virginia had lK--en the scene '.f almnst constant iiiva-,ion and depredation 

As early as March 2Qth. 1777, General Charles Lee. then prisoner of war, in New York, thus 
addressed Admiral Howe and his brother, General Howe. " If the Province of Maryland, or the 
greater part of it, is reduced, or submits, and the people of Virginia are prevented or intimidated, 
from marching aid to the Pennsylvania army, the wh<)le machine is divided, and a period put lo the 
war; and if it (this plan.) is adopted in full. I am so confident of success that 1 would stake my life 
on the issue. Apprehensions from General Carleion's army will, I am confident, keep the New 
Lnglanders at home, or at least Ciinfine 'em to the east side of the river. I would advise that four 
thousand men be immediately embarked in transports, one-half of which should proceed up the Po- 
tomac, and take post at Alexandria ; tlie other half up Chcsaapeake Bay, and possess themselves of 
Annal,oli.- 

Earl Cornwallis, when urging llie transfer '-f liis own operations from the Southern colonies, ex- 
plicitly r.-Logni/fd ihe military impiirtauce of Chesapeake liay, ami that Virginia was the only base, 
jubordinate lo New York, from which to subjugate the Si.uth. He thus wrote to General Clinton, 
April loth, 1781. 

" I cannot help expressing my wishes that the Chesapeake may become the seat of war, even (if 
necessaryl at the expense of abandoning New York. Until Virginia is, in a measure, subdued, our 
liold of the Carolinas must be difTicult, if not precarious. The rivers of Virginia are advantageous 
to an invading army ; but North Carolina is, of all the provinces in North America, the most difficult 
to attack (unless material assistance could be got from the inhabitants of the country, the contrary of 
which I have sufficiently cxperienced)~on account of .ts great extent, of its numberless rivers and 
creeks, and the total want of interior navigation." 

On the 13th of April, he wrote to Lord (jermainc ; " The great rcenforcements sent by Virginia to 
C'.eneral Greene, whilst Cleneral Arnold was in the Chesapeake, are convincing i>roofs that small ex- 
peditions do not frighten that powerful province " 

On the 21st of August, 1781, Washington, writing from Head (^luarlers. Kings Ferry, to Governor 
Livingston, thus confidentially disclosed his plans. iSee Mag. Am. Hist,, Feb. 1881, vol. IV, p. 14,, 
and " Carrington's Battles," 4th F.dition, p. 616, note). 

Washington slates therein, that " He intended to march in person, with the whole of the French 
army, and a detachment from the American army, with as much despatch as circumstances would 
admit, into Virginia, believing, that with the arrival of the Count De (kasse and his fleet, with a 
body of French troops on board, this would be the fairest opportunity 1.1 reduce the whole British 
fnrce in the South, and ruin their boasted expectations in that tiuarter." 

It was in the maturing events of 1-81, that Washington disclosed the value of his early con- 
ception of the war. and its demands, and vindicated the wisdom of that strategy which he had so fully 
appreciated and enforced. 

NoTi!.— When the manoeuvcrs of the French fleet led the British squadron into the ofling,thereto 
give battle, but thereby allowed the French fleet to enter from Rhode Island with siege guns 
f.-)r the land batteries, and then join De Grasse, and obtain absol-jte supremacy, it was plain that no 
adequate aid could come to Cornwallis, by sea ; and the allied operations about New York, had as- 
sured Sir Henry Clinton that he could never again successfully invade New Jersey. The crowning 
military fact which altaches to the siege of Vorktown itself, is to be derived from the knowledge, that 
it was the culmination of that stragetical conduct, by which Washington attested his character as a 
soldier throughout the war. 

Mtiii.— Among thr inttrctling /acts to it assKialea -utih Ckaaftakl Bay^is ihii.thunc/oyr 
Admiral Cra-'<-s sailed/or New YpyJtc in 1781, the heaviest naval armament knozvn ttt maritime 
irar/,i re, z^iz: snenly-tvo hoitile line-o/-battU ships n >id heavy frigates, was Jloatint on its surf,:, t. 




On^niai^Vi 



^itfaiicttc ttt |tlt0itttit 

Amrxirau (tiimmattbi?t0 

LAFAYETTE 

WAYNE MUHLENBERG STEUBEN 

On the ifth of March, 1781, General Greene wrote thus, to Washington : " Could the Marquis 
(Lafayette) j< in us at this moment, we should have a glorious campaign. It would put Lord Corn- 
wallis and his whole arm_y into our hands." 

On the !5th of .-40111, Cornwallis left Wilmington, for Virgini.l.and Lafayette, who had reached 
Richmond, on the iqth, by a forced march from Baltimore, made plans, if reenforced in time, to 
anticipate the march of Cornwallis, and cut him off from union with Phillips. The reenforcements. 
seven hundred veterans, under Wayne, had been started southward by Washington, out were delayed 
in their march. On the 18th of May. Greene assigned Lafayette to the command in Virginia, but to 
"send all reports to the commander-in-chief " On the 25th of May. Cornwallis was joined by Gen. 
c1.1l Leslie, with 2.278 fresh troops, which increased his force to 7,000 men, aud he wrote 10 Central 
Cluuuii, that " he should proceed to dislodge Lafayette frotn Richmond," 



CORNWALLIS 

O'HARA SIMCOE TARLETON 

PARALLEL NOTES 

Note I.— The General A!;ccTr.bIy adjourned to Charlottesville May 24th, and Cornwallis cro^^d 
James River at We^tover, on the 25(11, encamping his whole army at White Oak Swamp on the s7th. 
Til Older to take Richmond in rear. Lafayette, with a force less than one-third that of his adversary 
left the city northward, leading the Uriiish more than twenty miles. 

NoTK IL— Cornwallis crossed the Chickahnminy (see mapi, pa^ssecJ Hanover C. H., crossed tlir 
Paniiinkey, then the North Anna, above New Found Creek, to head of? the American column ; but 
on the 29th, Lafayette still H^ld the lead, crossed the North Anna, and was on his march to Spottsyl- 
vania Court House, in the supposed direction of Wayne's approach. 

Nmtb III.— Cornwallis dropped the pursuit, sent Tarleton to Charlottesville, to attempt a capture 
of the General Assembly, and marched 10 liyrd Creek, where he juincd Simcoe, and also Tarleion, 
up. 'II return of the latter from Charlottesville. The army, reunited, after forcing Steuben from his 
supply camp, at Elk Island, marched eastward, toward Richmond. Lafayette had been joined by 
Wayne, turned southward along Southwest Mountains, and by the 19th of June, when Steuben joined 
him, was marching parallel with the British army, the pursued having become the/«riw(?» j. 

NoTt IV.— On the 2^d of June, the American army had increased, by militia additions, to nearly 
6,000 men, including 1^00 regulars. The British had abandoned Richmond on the 20th, and on 'he 
2^ih. Lafayette so hotly pressed their columns at Williamsburg, that the entire British army m-jveJ 
out \<> protect its rear. Eac'ti army lost 30 men in the engagement. 

On the 4th of July, the *• Battle of Jamestown*' was fought, the British losing 75, and the 
Americans iia; but Cornwallis crossed the James River, and Lafayette marched to Williamsburg and 
shut up the peninsula. 

NoTF. \ .-On the gth of July, Tarleton m.-ide a fruitless raid (see map) to New London. IJedf >rd 
CMunty, and then joined Cornwallis, who ;nok post at Yorktown, August 4th. By the azd, the eniii** 
Itriii-sh army had concentrated at Yorktown antl Gloucester. Lafayette sent Wayne to cut oflf retreat, 
southward, and in urging Washington to come in person, and take command, concludes : " the British 
army must be forced to surrender. I heartily thank you for having ordered me to remain in Virginia. 
It is to your goodness that I am indebted for the most beautiful prospect I may ever behold " 

Mem.— The forced march to Rickmomi, skirmish, at li'iiiiumsdurff, the Battle 0/ Jamestown 
and the weeks 0/ rapid mana^tivre^ ivhi<. h wore out and shut up the army 0/ Corntvallis^ vindi- 
cate the confidence which Ifashin^ton and Greene reposed i» Lafayette: and the campaign, zrhit/i 
Farleton ,.omplimented in hi^h tirmss 'mUI it.ind^ in history^ as one 0/ the most brilliant 0/ the 



r'ARRINGToN's " liAITLKS OF THE AMERICAN ReVOH'TION," pp. 584-598. 



Anderson, 1- no; f.qf.. 


Holmes, 1 12; p, 157. 


Swinton,^-; p. 


Barnes, f 2 ; p, 1^9. 


Lossing. «Fi3; p. i36. 


^cott. T — ; p. — 


Berard(Bush), 1— ; p.—. 




Thalheimer (Ecle 


Goodrich. C. A. (Seaveys),! 50. j, 


141. Ridpath, •; 17 ; p. 226. 




Goodrich. S.G..1 1-2; p. 27t.. 


Sadlier i Excel), ^ 23 ; p. 206. 


\ enable, ^ 1' 7 ; p 


Hassard, ^ 9 ; p. 226. 


Stephens, -\H. « 15; p. 227-S 





^cnefetct ^vtt0lit lit Itriu J0ttb0u 

SEPTEMBER 6th, i 7 8 i 

On the fith day of September. 1781, the twenty-foul-th birthday of Lafayette, and while Wash- 
ington and Kochambeau were hastening to join the Army of Virginia, and consummate plans for the 
rescue of that Colony and the capture of CornwaUis, it was left to General^ Clinton to express his 
chagrin at thorough out-generalship. by a raid into Connecticut, under the traitor Arnold. 

^"he expedition left New York, September 4th, and entered the harbor of New London, at half- 
past six in the morning, two days later. According to Arnold's Official Report, the landing was 
effected on both sides of the harbor, about nine o'clock, September 6th 

As a diversion, to annov Washington, it was trifling; if so intended. He never swerved from 
gener.il plans, for small local issues. As a military movement, it contemplated no battle, no substan- 
tial resistance; and, while it might plunder and destroy, it could only intensify opposition to Great 
Britain .As a matter ot military policy, it was wretched, since Arnold, the traitor, was sent to lay 
waste his own birthplace. 

"M-iiVC Lnmlixn Befetices 

FORT TRUMBULL, on th.- New Lnnd..n b.mk of the Thames River, was a mere breastwork, 
or wttcr battt-r>- almost open, landward. Just west of this, on high ground, a sni.dl redoubt had 
been established, but it bore the name, " F.irt Kolly," or " Fort Nonsense, and had no defenders. 
Fort Trumbull, itseU, was occupied by not more than thirty men. State troops, under Captain Adam 
Shaplev. 

FdRT GRISWOLD, which crowned the height on the east shore, was a well conceived redoubt, 
with parapet, bastions, a covered entrance, a well of water, and was supplemented by a small advanced 
redoubt, slightly down the hill, and this connected by a close passage with the main work. The 
garrison was less than 160 men, under Lieut. Colonel Ledyard. A small knoll, or ledge, called Avery's 
Hill, was to the northeast, but while not commanding the works, was a place for the lodgment of 
assailants, and was finally occupied by the invaders, 

Bt^itisb lll0vement.s 

ARNOLD conducted the left wing, or column, which burned the town. It consisted of 4 com- 
panies of the 36th regiment under Captain Milieu; a del.achment of Yagers, with two 6-pounder 
guns, a portion of the Legion of Loyal Americans, and 130 " .American Refugees, " under Captain 
Frink, from Long Island. 

Note 1.— .MiTlett advanced upon Fort Trumbull, and received a volley which disabled several 
men; but the small command of Shapley, took boats for Fort Griswold, losing several men, in one boat, 
which was shattered by a ball, but joining its garrison. 

Note IL— When Arnold reached New London, and saw the escape of .Shapley, and the defensive 
condition of Fort Griswohl. he sent orders to Lieut. Colonel Lyre, countermanding the movement on 
the e.ast side; but too late, as the advance had been made. His own movements were contined 10 the 
unresisted destruction of property. He burned ten or twelve ships, with their stores, one oC which, 
the Hannah, from London, reccn'tly captured as a pri/e by the Americans, contained powder. Arnold 
claimed that the tire which burned 65 dwellings, js stores and warehouses, 80 ships, 20 barns, a meeting- 
house, rourt-house, jail, market-house, and custom-house, was the rivsull of the explosion of ^lowder, 
and a change of wind, which " unfortunately d'slroved, notwithstanding efforts to prevent it. 

TliO 3|igbt Wing nv, is^nlumn 

LIEUT. COL, EYRE landed, back of Pine Island, and .advanced in two divisions, the 54th and 
40th regiments, respectively, leading c;ich. One gun anil one howitzer .accompanied the command. The 
right division was supported bv a detachment of Yagers, and the left division, by New Jersey Volun- 
teer- ; but the last named fell behind, while making the circuit of jwampy ground, and did not rejom, 
until the storming part^- niounled the rampart 

CAPT. BECKWITH, who bore from Eyre to Ledvard. a demand for surrender of the fort, re- 
ceived, through Captain Shapley, the prompt rejection of terms. The prompt reenforcement of the 
lort by militia, who were available, and partially depended upon, in the debate as to the demand for 
surrender, might have assured a final repulse. Better defences than at Breed's Hill, in 1775, covered 
the defenders- but although Colonel Nathan Gallup, of the Groton militia, had f.ailh in his ability to 
Fill the fort with men, they would not consent to be enclosed by works, with no avenue for escape. 
The real battle was quickly fought 1 he smrming parties .,1, the s .' ' ' '.., si, » ere compelled 

to pass .•» deep ditch, and climb an embankment of twelve feet. 1 entered through 

three embrasures in the rampart, flanking thi salient angle. The d nearly to the 

gate The first repulse inflicted a slaughter of the assailants, greaif . r of the garraon. 

The seconii assault crowned the parapet. Fyre and three other 011 oided, and Major 

Montgomery was killed bv a spear, so that Major Hroomficld, a N.:» I'l •. 1. ^.0|.t, look command 
in the final charge with bayonets. Lieut. Colonel Biiskirk, of the iSew Jersey Volunteers, came up 
tardily, but participated in the assault , , , , f 

Lieut. Cfolonel Ledyard ordered the gate opened, and, fairly surrendered the fort ; out nothing 
would satisfy the tory allies of tl..; f;ilii,Ii trrnps, but wholesale slaughter of the brave defenders. 
Eighty-live men w-ere found dead, .ml r t. «. ic dangerously wounded. The American loss, up to 
the moment of a fair surrender, h.nl 1.. . n liiflm.; 

The Hritish l..ss was severe. I ., ..llv reporied as ■oneMajot," oneCapl.ain, one Lieu- 

I f..,lv t.iuk and hie kille<l ; and one Lieut. t:..lonel. two Cap- 
nsign. eight Serge.ants. two drummers, and one hundred and twcnty- 



Cakkincton's " Bai 



|tefci*cttcc0: 

^chool yti,stovir,6 : 



Anderson. •" 115; p. 97. Holmes, f 15 ; p. 158. Swinton, «- — ; p. 

Barnes. • .V,>/,-";- p. 140. Los, ins. «" 1 =, ; p 187. Scott. « 15 ; p. =1 

Bci-ard (Bushl, 1 137; p. 170. (jii.k.n:., •4.<.;p,294. Thalheimer lEch 

Goodrich,C.A.(Seaveys),1— ;p.— . I'.m, !. • 1 -i-:. p. 171-:, 

Goodrich, S,G.,1 6; p. 271. S,,.',. I ^. . '—p.—. Venable. ^ -; p. 

Hassaid, «; 7; p.=.'5. So;. !.-::. \ H • -; p. -. 



'^gieac of llorhtoiuu, 1?81"^ 

MifiiL'tli if AIIr-U Forces, i6joo 

G£ORG£ WASHINGTON 

Commander-in-Chief 



3^mevican .fovrfs 



MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE 
General LINCOLN 

WAYNE 

KNOX 

DU HORTAIL 

BARON STEUBEN 

NELSON 



4ff«rl» Jfovcf.a 



eut -Gen. COUNT DE ROCHAMBEAU 

and Admiral COUNT DE GRASSE 
Imiral COUNT DE BARRAS 
meral DE BEVILLE 

BARON DE VIOMENIL 
MARQUIS DE CHASTELLUX 
M DE CHOISY 
WEEDON I Chevalier Colonel DE LAMETH 

CLINTON I Colonel COUNT DE DUMAS 

COUNT DE DEUX FONTS 
GIMAT 
General DUKE DE LAUZUN 

DE ST. SIMON 
MARQUIS DE LA ROUERIE 
MARQUIS DE L MONTMORENCl 
MARQUIS DE SAINT MAIME 
MARQUIS DE CUSTINE 



" ST. CLAIR 
LAWSON 
MUHLENBERG 
Colonel HAMILTON 

STEVENS LAMB 

CARRINGTON 
SCAMMEL 
LAURENS 



JNTROpUCTOJlY NOTE 

ibeau [jrcs^et] Lieut, (.reneral Clinton, 



Washington and Rochambeau i,ies,ed Lieut, General Clinton, Brlti^h eommander, at New 
York, bo eloselv. that he believed that their /i:::ts were real movements, and called upon Cornwallis 
to send troops io <v.>;j/ .J IlirfatciuuUieie of New York, August 25th, The allied armies were west 
of Hudson River, but not to attack Staten Island or New York, September 2d, the American army, 
and Seplembi-r id, the French army, swept swiftly through Philadelphia, On the 5th, while passing 
Chester. Washington learned from a courier, that Count de Grasse was off the coast ; and on the 14th , 
he was at Latayette's headquarters, at Williamsburg, Va. 



\x\\\^\x Commanbcro 



EARL CORNWALLIS, Lieut.-Gen«ral 

OHARA SIMCOE TARLETON 

Strength, S.szs , ,. , , 

XoTc I -Washington, , asking on the 15th. Wr iransptjrtafion for his troops, from head of Elk 
River found that Admiral de Barra-. had already sent ships for that purpose. On the 18th, with 
Rochambeau, Knox, and Du Portail, he visited De Grasse, upon his Hagship, " La Ville de Paris." 

Note II. - ^eptember 25th, the army ( j2,4(xj regulars, and 4,000 militia) concentrated, at Williams- 
burg ; took position, within two miles of British advanced works, on the 2Slh and, after rcconnois- 
ance in force, on the 29th environed Yorktown. Colonel Scammel was mortally wounded; HHtUh 

^^ist^^^^^i^^^-iJ^u::^'' '" '""'"' ^-™'-^^-^^' --'"= ^-- «--■ 

NcirE III. On the Gloucester side, Duke de I auzun.with his cavalry; Weedon's Virginia militia, 
and <OJ Krcnch marines, all under General de Choisy, held the Neck, cutting off retreat northward. 

T»rlelon'i last eiplyit, W*s 'P » collision with Lauiun's dragoons, in which be was unhorsed 

No rK I V^OcVober 6th, heavy guns were brought up, and the first parallel was opened, "oo yards 
from the lines, under Lincoln On the 7lh and 8th, guns were mounted on the works, which the 
British h.id previously abandoned ., . „ i j 

At 5 P .M October 9th, the Americans, on the right, opened fire, with six 18 and 24-ponnders, 
two mortars, two howitzers; and the French opened fire, on the left, with four 12-pounders, and six 
howitzers. On the 10th, two French, and two American batteries, opened fire from ten 18 and 24- 
poani.-r., and ei-ht mortars. One hot shot burned the frigate Charon I441 l ■ v 

Note V —October nth, the second parallel was begun, within 300 yards. October ^Lh, it be- 
came necessary to silence two redoubts, next the river_^ A column, organized by Lafayette, with 
Hamil.-,n ,,s '-nmediate comimandcr, and one organized by Baron de \ lomenil. with Count Deux 
fonts, as immediate commander, stormed the redoubts, at one rocket signal, at "'8^'; *'''' P"'^^ 
success, Laurens sij^pportedHamilton^and in te^ssaill.^^^^^^^^^ 

"t;:answer'edr'a\'o'eS':pp?^^^^^^^ utilized by Colonel Poe, Un'ited States Engineer, 

'" "-S^n!,, VT n_ .v.. .„.v nl Orinhrr pursuant 10 article.s, signed, on the 18th. by Cornwallis 

iNOTE Vi,- Un the iqth 01 t'CtODer, f"' "" ^, '5 y U^,r-^< Ifnr himself 'inH De 

andSvm.mds at Yorktown ; and by Washington, Rochambeau, and Ue Barras (lor nimsell ana l.ie 
Grassii, " in the trenches, before Yorktown. in Virginia the surrender of the British army and post 

""No''F''vn''--.)"''>-,Va» casualties, tj killed, 65 wounded; Av,-n.-/,, 52 killed, 134 wounded. 

UriliiA. 1^6 killed, 326 wounded, and 70 missing. Force surrendered, Officers and men, 7,073, and of 

seamen and shipping, 900. 



Kcfcvcucc0 : 



Carrin'.tonS "Baitlls of thl Amf.rican Revolution," pp. 631-647. 
School i'U.stovifj: 

Anderson 5 114- p. 07 Holmes, T 13; v 227. Swint.m. ♦ 4, p. 158. 

Rrrnes S', ■ o '-ivy-To Lossing. * .6 ; p. 187-8. Scott. 5 .6-18 ; p. 216. 

B?rard'(Bush); 1 14V p. .77. Qnackenbos, 1 40.^2; p. 293-S. Thalheimer (Eclectic), "i 3°3-« ; 

Goodrich C A (Seavevs),t 3-4, p "45 Ridpath, 1 18; p. 226, P; ,'75-:0' 

goodrich: S. G!:r4-Q! P W'-s' Sadber ( Excel), 1 ■6-,8; p. 2.4. Venable, 1 .67 : p, .28-9. 

Hassard, T u ; p. 227. Stephens. A H 1 18; p. 229. 



®1« yiiiv for JlmerltJitt |nbe}»eniicntc 

Had its true policy declared by Gen. Nathaniel 

(tkeenk, then in camp before Boston, during 

June,, 1775. It was this, in brief: 

(See CARRiNr.ToN's "Battles ok thk American Revolution," pp. So-gi.) 

1. One General-in-Chief. 

2. Enlistments, for the war. 

3. Bounties, for families of soldiers in the field. 

4. Service, to be general, regardless of place of enlistment. 

5. Money loans to be effected, equal to the demands of 

the war. 

6. A Declaration of Independence, with the pledge of all 

the resources, of each Colony, to its support. 

COtt^hial ^rmu ©r^atti^attaii 

GEORGE WASHINGTON 

C'ommandrr-in-d'hicf 

HORATIO GAT£S 

Ailjutant ('knrral 

Pajor (»>cnrral.si 

ARTEMAS WARD CHARLES LEE PHILIP SCHUYLER 

ISRAEL PUTNAM 



XlnnatUcr (!>fnfvalsi 

SETH POMEROY, RICHARD MONTGOMERY, DAVID WOOSTER 

WILLIAM HEATH, JOSEPH SPENCER 

JOHN THOMAS. NATHANIEL GREENE. 



pcrlavation of ^wbcvcttlintce 

jlLV 4II1, 1770 

^ttiTcnbcr af CotunmUi^ 

( )( ii i\;v.K 19th, I 7S I 
Officially Declared, April i8th, i7(S3 



§attlc ^Xixp and (^hartsi of the gmtetkau Revolution 

ByHENRYB.CARRINGTON,M.A.,LL.D.,Cnl.U.S. Army. 
Putihshcil Ijy A.S. BARNES & CO., Ill and 113 William Street, New York. 

The jiublishers issue this work for tlie use of leathers and scholars, as well as for 
its fitness as a companion to all Histories of the Unite<l States, with confidence that 
it will prove a valuable specialty to all. , 

The introducory page explains its object. The author has made reference to 
various School Histories, so that it becomes a hand book for teachers generally. 

The volume contains the 41 maps which were the result of thirty years of study 
and are found in his standard volume, " Hattlcs of the .Vmerican Revolution. ' 

The map, " Jiattle of CUiilford Court House," with its page of field notes, 
illustrates the scope of this work. 

Five .Steel E.ngr.wincs, of Washing ion, accompany the volume. The St. 
Me.min (Crayon) as frontispiece, engraved by Hall it Sons ; also Peale's painting 
(1772), HoiiDo.N's bust (1784), Trumbull's painting (1792), and Stuart's painting 
(1796), are furnished, in steel. 



PRESS NOTICES. 

This vt>lumc, by (icner.il Carrington, U. S. A., represents .in .imount of p.itient toil which none 
bnt .-in antiquarian, or one who pursues historical investigations in accordance with the most approved 
methods of the cautious scholarship of modern times, can well understand. It is evident that a single 
map. or corner cif a map. has often cost the author weeks of unremitting labor ; hut the result is worth 
the toil spent in its achievement. Patience and fidelity are the things most needed in such a work as 
this, which virtually puts the costliest or most inaccessible historical records within re.ach of the 
public schools and the reader .at home. The book is a companion to any history of the United 
States.— <,<j,;«' Literature. 

It contains a carefully drawn topographical scale map of every important engagement fought 
during the Revolution, as well as the successive theatres of operations, and facing each map is an ex- 
planatory text so arranged as to show at a glance the names of the principal and subordinate com- 
manders, both American and British, the numbers engaged, the casualties, the plan of battle and the 
movement of each side. It will be found a conrenient and invaluable companion in reading the 
standard histories of the United States, .and it is, mnreovei-, especially adapted to school use, since it 
contains, under the head of each battle, a reference by page and section to a large number of the most 
popular manuals studied in our schools. The clearness of both the text and the maps deserve the 
warmest commendation— .\'. I". Tribune. 

The book presents in a most convenient form, not only to the teacher and student, but to the 
military man. the various plans of battle grounds famous in our Revolutionary struggle, with positions 
■ f the various forces. Alongside of each map is given, in plain text, the name of the battle, date, 
\v ith lli'j forces employed on both sides, and by whom commanded. The idea of conveying this in- 
I 1 in, Mm. often so little understood by teacher and pupil, is an excellent one.— .V. 3'. Times. 

1 1. Carrington's " B.^TTi.E M.\i'S a.nd Ch.\kts of the Americxn Revolution," with notes .and 
M [I'i'l history references, is a book of exceptional value and one which every teacher and student of 
history should possess. It gives in a compact form what has never appeared in such shape before, and 
what IS reliable and authoritative to a degree never before tt\\\i2\\GA,— Bridgeport i Ct.) standard. 

A striking e.xample of multum in f'arvo'xa the sense of the best and most admirable condensed 
exposition, is Col. Henry B. Carrington's '* B.^ttle Maps and Charts of the America.n Revolu- 
tion;." (A. S. Barnes & Co.) We will not undertake to compute how many volumes of graphic 
writing w'ould be required to introduce thestudent into the terms, conditions, and very action of these 
revolutionary battles as far as Col. Carrington manages to do by means of his excellent topographic 
maps, in connection with the Inininons notes and condensed exposition of the opposite page. To an 
eye which has acquired the simple training required for the full understanding of a topographic map, 
these delineations of Col .Carrington show the ground on which the engagements took place, with 
the rivers, hills, woods, fields, roads, and the movement of the forces from the moment battle was de- 
livered, with the lines of retreat and the condition of things atthe end. For the sake of enabling the 
student to follow out the matter in original study, full references are given to the authorities, and the 
volume is prepared with notes and explanations for school use. — A'. Y. Independent. 

Of good convenient si/e, very distinct, and accompanied with such historical summaries as 
almost to do away with the necessity of large histories. — Ckristian Adx'oiuie^ (.V. I'.l 

Invaln.able to the student of American History.— Ai//;wii>v {Md.) Iterald. 

Invaluable to all historical students and the best book of the kind in our literature. The volume 
has been compiled and brought out with the usual thoroughness that characterizes Col. C.irrington's 
viotV.— Boston Transerift. 

Deserves a welcome in ever>' school district, as well as in every historical library in the land. — 
Army and NaTy Journal. 

In our opinion. Col. Carrington's work is an authority, showing great labor and careful study, and 
it should become a national text book, and find a place in all public and private libraries. — fndiana- 
/■olisi.lnd.)//era!d. 

Each map is accompanied with a statement of the generals and number of men engaged on both 
sides, to which is appended the reason forsuch battle or engagement, with remarks by the author, who 
is excellent authority in military matters —The hdiicator (.VV-c Haven. Cl.j 

A valuable compilation from the author's large work, and cannot fail to make a more lasting 
impression upon the author's mind than could be desired from the perusal of many volumes of his- 
tory —.\'. r. Iter aid. 

Each ma|) is accompanied by a page of text, arranged upon a compact and original system, so as 
to present a singularly clear view {>f the history and significance of the engagement in question, the 
names of the chief and subordinate commanders, the forces nominal and available, the losses on e.ich 



Prof, Northrop, Secretary of the State Board of Education, of Conn., and Presi- 
dent Carlcton, of the State Xorinal School, adopted it upon its first appearance. 

Price, $1.25. Sent, post-paid, to Sciiool Superintendents and Teachers, for 
introduction, upon receipt of $1.00 ; and li'ieral tenns made with Schools Mililarv 
and Civil, .\rmv (Officers and Posts, Stale Militia, and the Trade. 



A BOOK FOR HISTORICAL STUDENTS. 

Battles of the American Revolution. 



r.V HKNkV li. CAKRINGTDN, M A l.L. 
(■.•/on,-l r,i,teJ'Stat,-s Ar,„r. 



Tile following area few ^elections fioin personal and press uotices, at lionic and abroad 

T « >K1. i.f \;ll.- ( K<- \ l-r..iii 111.' ABMV ANn 



From K\ IT.-, II « >Kl...f \;ll.-( !,'.■ 

— " I thmk 11 M I k ..I |..Tiiiiiii,'iii \:i\n,- iiiilk 

forlialH'S. l.iu ,li,ii,i; 111. Ill 1..I 111. 11 T ■. ,.l I.M-I 

it will !..■ ill! iiiii -115.1111.1 1 1h'1i.-\.' II uill hin.' 1. 

r.iTiiiiin.-iif |>liu-i' niiuiiii; b.jDks. lurnisiiing tin' cciuii- 
uich till' nii'aus of jutting tlic cmiipaiKris "f 



Wllsll 



on and the IJevolut; 
, u 1' 



r.fi.iM tlic Nt 
l:i-v..lnll,>Ti 1.1 
..r.l.T; 111.- .11.. 
I.'iiillrii.- III. I.. I 



i)tiENAL.-"Thl8 18 

■atlvo crlttelsin on 
wtiicii tile eentury has 



alul iiiiius-liil. 
basecl on tin' 



■' 


ii.lei-at 


pinna. 
in.ilnB 






li.i.ilt. 


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urrli h 

l-SUltH 


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K at a 
)f any 


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Kevi 




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thanks 


.If his 



.ami 1 lioiif it will liirliii.' fully r.--lniliiii,- 

Hon. W.M. M, Kv.vHTS. New York rjty. 

It 

of til. 

„.._ ^ Col.. 

.in of the task Ife 

111... maps, wiiloh 

ml llnii Fr 

111. Ill nil 111 >lriit trill. 1.- III.' iiiiiiror.-s. , whole voliuii.' i.'.'iiis « iiti .I...-. iil^ which Kive a 

M..ii;,l i.'ii.l. 1 I.. . ..ii.-.i iiii.l iiii.llit;.'iii \i.'«>. .if liie , m'W cast t.. I.'il.IIi.h l..,iil.'. \i u-lnal d.-lm-nt 

l.iiul.'siin.lall.ii.liiiil mill Inn ..p.-i :in..ii.~,- ci..i<esanila.l.Ki:ilii, i.. i h. u ..i k, -" llinnt ii|.|..'al8 

<■" every pr..l.'-, .m.'l- . I'l... n. . > . n l.iinily, 

Kroin Hon. I IKOROE Ban.'Kokt .-"An entirely n.-w an.Ican he a|.| "l i n,, . i, n.i, ,.i..l -. l '■■•\f. 

Held of hisiorleal lalior." "A splemlld volume, I a» well as bv ^. ti "i .i - Vi.i'l. - in ..i . Iiii|i- 

which I see at onee i» tiie fruit of innch toll and ters. a iat'.if .i. , .....l ;, .. i . i. n. . i .i.l.' ..t 

carefnl researcli, and tlu' advantat'e of military i authors ami lil.i.iius . ..umiIi. .1. .n .Viii.iu.i and 
experience." I Kurope. forms a iiart of tlic ronii'letem-ss witli 

I whli^li the v.iinnie enters into tlie permanent record 

of .\inerlean iilstory ' 



From Benson .1. I.ossiNti, P^so.. Historian. 



• I am Batlstle 
pliilosophy of tlie ..I.l uii 
true relations of a" 
careful and tliont.'l 
an alisolute n.'i'.'M 
as II ilo.'s. a I. nil. -11 



' iii.h'pendence and tlie 
lie has made a 
imrwork. It Is 
lire. fiirnlshlnK. 



From WlI.l.l.^M 1,. sn.NK. llist.irlan.-" Yourlio..k 
Bhoiilrl lie on the shelves of treri/ Bcholar In ..iir 
country." It is invaluable." 

Kri.m till' i,r.-;i..-.v •J\Tri;i.AV Hevie-w.-" Tli.' 

cal'.'f.illv 11"! .i"...il' k il.lail.'.l a.'.'.,iint of .'a.'li 

i.i'.v.' Ill i|".iliilil a. 11. ill. lUilstriK.'.l 

111 .'iir.lii ;. , : I .1 'i: i|.-. i.'ii.l.'i 111,' wi.rk l.lk-lih 



a IT.. 



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i-Cv . (YiliniEK-.ToilKNAL 


"ThlBst.iry ..f ili.' llalll.'s 


..t tlie Kevolutloll is liased 


upon otH.'lal r.i..'rl~ an. 


..II the statements of au- 


thnrltl.'s t.. wli.,11. i.l.r. 


.. is made. The mans are 


tin' work nf Ih.' iiiiili..r, 1 


is.'.l iiii.inth.ise previously 


publlslii'.i. ..r .i|...ii |..'is., 
Q.'l.is. Th.' I. .1. IIIII- will 


111! Iiis|..'.'ti,.ll nf Ihc hllttle 


|.l„i.' iii.lni.'lH.' Ii.lliose 


who s.-.-k it.-ii.Tal km. Ml. 


.iK-.'f milllari Tati,™ 


llir.iiiKh this a|.|.li.ali..ii 


1 piipiilai t'.iiii.or military 


nrinclpl.-s l.i familiar e\ 


iiiiik's, ami j.icstiits in an 


Interi-BtinK shape a single 


record of all the battles of 


the Hevoliltion.-' 




From the <in k. iliiiN 


Harlf..r.l. ct.-" lliere is. 


ptranRe to .-ii\ . .;. ..n 


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W. irks. in 11..' I;- 1 




lint wi- tlml 1 !i ' 


1 I . ■ . , ' ' na.'ter 


the liKht ..1 III : . . 


■ . ' Mil-, ili.i.'i'-l'itflll 


writer, all.l I.M ■ 


.1 Milislaiilial valii.-. He 


treats the siil.ii ■ n in 


I.hl.-al way. ami almost 


.-verythlng li. -.■-■. i n^ 


. iiiiiiilate thonnht." 






of 111. 



who 



in KiiKlaml ami Aiin-rii a. hut m.-irrv ...iiiitrv whiT. 
soldiers an- likely to be engaged in warfare In half 
civilized and thinly-settled lands. 

From the N. "Y. Independent. 
" The whole vnhime is written with mililarv precision and accuracy, and covers completely an import 
ground which has never been described bef.ire in any similar manner. There arc plenty .>f maps and 
exhauslive index ' 

Eoyal Octavo Cloth, $6. 00 1 Sheep, $7.50 i Half Calf or Morocco, $9.00 \ Foil Morocco, $12.00. 



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